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. 2026 Mar 4;64:101633. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2026.101633

Table 2.

Co-occurrence analysis of barriers and facilitators to each of the 12 ECAC4 recommendations mapped to COM-B model components.

Total
COM-B model of behaviour
Psychological capability Gr = 884
Physical capability Gr = 133
Social opportunity Gr = 349
Physical opportunity Gr = 596
Reflective motivation Gr = 328
Automatic motivation Gr = 214
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General–ECAC (4th ed.) [Gr = 181] 49 132 18 57 1 4 10 25 35 25 2 49 6 42
1. Do not smoke [Gr = 120] 72 48 25 14 44 1 20 12 8 14 2 13 2 10
2. Make your home smoke-free [Gr = 37] 26 11 16 3 1 0 4 3 5 5 2 2 0 1
3. Be a healthy body weight [Gr = 32] 17 15 9 4 5 2 3 1 7 1 3 9 0 7
4. Be physically active in everyday life [Gr = 198] 88 110 16 21 9 1 13 24 73 51 3 30 3 25
5. Have a healthy diet [Gr = 202] 131 71 41 20 6 8 38 15 84 27 1 16 0 13
6. Limit alcohol drinking [Gr = 61] 50 11 15 3 3 0 39 4 9 2 1 3 0 1
7. Avoid too much sun [Gr = 34] 19 15 9 9 2 1 8 1 10 2 0 5 2 3
8. In the workplace, protect yourself against cancer-causing substances [Gr = 33] 29 4 25 3 0 0 2 0 23 4 0 0 0 0
9. Find out if you are exposed to radiation from naturally high radon levels in your home [Gr = 42] 41 3 39 2 0 0 1 0 9 2 1 0 0 0
10a. If you can, breastfeed your baby [Gr = 23] 17 6 8 4 4 0 6 1 4 0 2 3 0 2
10b. Limit use of hormone replacement therapy [Gr = 13] 13 0 8 0 2 0 1 0 5 0 2 0 2 0
11. Ensure your children take part in vaccination programmes [Gr = 33] 15 18 9 6 0 0 3 6 6 14 8 3 1 1
12. Take part in organised cancer screening programmes [Gr = 66] 35 31 14 15 0 0 3 4 19 21 1 9 13 4

Groundedness (Gr) refers to the number of times a code appears in the data. A meaning unit could be mapped to more than one COM-B model component. Inline graphic accounts for ‘barriers’ and ☑ for facilitators.