Table 2. Surgical and anesthetic details.
| Variables | Missing | AKI (n=318) | Non-AKI (n=1,011) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operative approach | 3 (0.2) | 0.003† | ||
| Open thoracotomy | 190 (59.7) | 507 (50.1) | ||
| VATS | 128 (30.3) | 504 (49.9) | ||
| Types of operation | 3 (0.2) | 0.27† | ||
| Wedge resection | 47 (14.8) | 169 (16.7) | ||
| Segmentectomy | 7 (2.2) | 43 (4.3) | ||
| Lobectomy | 124 (39.0) | 344 (34.1) | ||
| Pneumonectomy | 6 (1.9) | 15 (1.5) | ||
| Decortication | 89 (28.0) | 269 (26.6) | ||
| Other procedures | 45 (14.1) | 110 (16.8) | ||
| Side of operation | 3 (0.2) | 0.95† | ||
| Left | 132 (41.5) | 421 (41.6) | ||
| Right | 171 (53.8) | 545 (54.0) | ||
| Both | 16 (4.7) | 45 (4.4) | ||
| Emergency surgery | 0 | 117 (36.8) | 325 (32.1) | 0.12† |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 4 (0.3) | 180 [125–230] | 180 [135–240] | 0.68‡ |
| Duration of anesthesia (min) | 4 (0.3) | 180 [125–230] | 180 [135–240] | 0.34‡ |
| Requirement of OLV | 4 (0.3) | 274 (86.2) | 904 (89.6) | 0.09† |
| Duration of OLV (min) | 135 [70–190] | 110 [40–170] | 0.01‡ | |
| Receiving TEA/TPB | 9 (0.7) | 102 (32.2) | 338 (33.6) | 0.63† |
| Total fluid intake (mL) | 3 (0.2) | 800 [450–1,250] | 800 [500–1,070] | 0.26‡ |
| Total crystalloid (mL) | 3 (0.2) | 700 [400–1,050] | 735 [450–1,070] | 0.12‡ |
| Total colloid (mL) | 3 (0.2) | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.89‡ |
| Total HES (mL) | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.95‡ | |
| ≤1,000 | 309 (97.2) | 1,001 (99.1) | 0.02† | |
| >1,000 | 9 (2.8) | 10 (0.9) | ||
| Total blood loss (mL) | 100 [50–300] | 100 [50–300] | 0.12‡ | |
| Total PRC transfusion (mL) | 0 | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.19‡ |
| Hypercarbia | 3 (0.2) | 68 (24.7) | 250 (21.4) | 0.22† |
| Hypoxemia | 3 (0.2) | 17 (5.3) | 39 (3.8) | 0.25† |
| Hypotension | 5 (0.4) | 67 (21.1) | 244 (24.2) | 0.25† |
| Lowest MAP (mmHg) | 6 (0.4) | 61.3 [55–68.3] | 60 [56–68.3] | 0.79‡ |
| Duration of hypotension (min) | 4 (0.3) | 5 [0–5] | 5 [0–5] | 0.42‡ |
| Intraoperative vasopressor | ||||
| Epinephrine (mg) | 5 (0.4) | 6 [0–18] | 6 [0–15] | 0.58‡ |
| Norepinephrine (µg) | 5 (0.4) | 0 [0–0] | 0 [0–0] | 0.006‡ |
| Intraoperative urine output (mL/kg/h) | 31 (2.3) | 1.0 [0.5–1.8] | 1.3 [0.7–2.2] | <0.001‡ |
Categorical data are presented as n (%). Non-normal data are presented as median and interquartile range [25th–75th percentile]. †, Chi-squared test; ‡, Mann-Whitney U test. AKI, acute kidney injury; HES, hydroxyethyl starch; MAP, mean arterial pressure; OLV, one lung ventilation; PRC, pack red cell; TEA, thoracic epidural anesthesia; TPB, thoracic paravertebral block; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.