Table 2. Comparison of patient and nodule characteristics between the ICG fluorescence and hook-wire localization groups.

Characteristics	ICG group	Hook-wire group	P value
Patient characteristics	n=94	n=23
Age, years	57 (19–81)	54 (34–70)	0.43
Gender			<0.001
Male	22 (23.4)	19 (82.6)
Female	72 (76.6)	4 (17.4)
Number of lesions located by puncture			0.04
One lesion	85 (90.4)	17 (73.9)
Two lesions	8 (8.5)	6 (26.1)
Three lesions	1 (1.1)	0
Complications			0.26
No	79 (84.0)	17 (73.9)
Yes	15 (16.0)	6 (26.1)
Minimal pneumothorax	12 (12.8)	4 (17.4)	0.57
Minimal hemoptysis	3 (3.2)	1 (4.3)	0.80
Pleural reaction	0	1 (4.3)	0.04
Other procedural outcomes
Conversion to lobectomy due to localization failure	0	2 (8.7)	0.04
ICG fluorescence dispersion	7 (7.4)	NA	NA
Localization time, min	16.6±5.0	13.57±7.1	0.02
Nodule characteristics	n=104	n=29
Diameter of the nodules, mm	6.8±2.8	6.44±1.3	0.56
Distance from the pleura, mm	10.6±7.1	12.23±6.2	0.33
Nodule location			0.84
Right upper lobe	29 (27.9)	8 (27.6)
Right middle lobe	13 (12.5)	1 (3.5)
Right lower lobe	18 (17.3)	7 (24.1)
Left upper lobe	27 (26.0)	7 (24.1)
Left lower lobe	17 (16.3)	6 (20.7)
Pathologic diagnosis			0.34
Adenocarcinoma in situ	30 (28.8)	13 (44.8)
Microinvasive adenocarcinoma	53 (51.0)	10 (34.5)
Invasive adenocarcinoma	6 (5.8)	2 (6.9)
Benign nodules	15 (14.4)	4 (13.8)

Data for this historical control group were derived from our previously published cohort (17). Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (range) as appropriate; categorical variables were presented as number (percentage). ICG, indocyanine green; NA, not applicable.