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. 2026 Feb 26;18(2):127. doi: 10.21037/jtd-2025-aw-2214

Table 2. Operative characteristics of the study cohort.

Parameters PCEA (n=533) PCIA (n=566) P
Surgical procedure 0.53
   Open 10 (1.88) 7 (1.24)
   Video-assisted 523 (98.12) 559 (98.76)
Type of surgery 0.11
   Lung surgery 438 (82.18) 477 (84.28)
    Lobectomy 206 (38.65) 198 (34.98)
    Wedge resection 94 (17.64) 135 (23.85)
    Segmentectomy 138 (25.89) 144 (25.44)
   Mediastinal surgery 39 (7.32) 42 (7.42)
   Esophageal surgery 56 (10.51) 47 (8.30)
Operative time (mins) 120.00 [90.00, 156.00] 117.00 [85.00, 153.00] 0.20
Estimated blood loss (mL) 50.00 [20.00, 50.00] 50.00 [20.00, 50.00] 0.26
Intraoperative fluids (mL) 1,000.00 [1,000.00, 1,200.00] 1,000.00 [1,000.00, 1,200.00] 0.055
Urine output (mL) 200.00 [100.00, 400.00] 200.00 [100.00, 400.00] 0.052

Pa Data are presented as n (%) or median [quartiles]. PCEA, patient-controlled epidural analgesia; PCIA, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia.