Table 3.
Functional outcomes following exoskeleton training or convectional training, and comparison among times and interventions
| Intervention mean (SD) | Pairwise comparison (P-value, η2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome measure | Group | Baseline mean (SD) | Post-intervention mean (SD) | Change mean (SD) | Baseline vs. post-intervention (p, η2) | IG vs. CG (p, η2) |
| 10MWT (m/s) | IG | 0.25 (0.45) | 0.59 (0.64) | 0.34 (0.19) | 0.04*, η2 = 0.48 | 0.74, η2 = 0.03 |
| 10MWT (m/s) | CG | 0.34 (0.18) | 0.55 (0.36) | 0.21 (0.18) | 0.03*, η2 = 0.42 | – |
| TUG (s) | IG | 43.42 (17.56) | 30.82 (14.84) | − 12.62 (6.72) | 0.01*, η2 = 0.73 | 0.82, η2 = 0.37 |
| TUG (s) | CG | 36.34 (26.45) | 30.14 (18.15) | − 6.2 (8.31) | 0.03*, η2 = 0.54 | – |
| 6MWT (m) | IG | 121.54 (74.03) | 178.93 (113.73) | 57.39 (39.7) | 0.03*, η2 = 0.62 | 0.66, η2 = 0.02 |
| 6MWT (m) | CG | 117.73 (64.93) | 163.72 (133.52) | 45.89 (31.59) | 0.04*, η2 = 0.35 | – |
| WISCI-II (0–20) | IG | 7.34 (2.64) | 12.24 (3.85) | 4.9 (1.21) | 0.02*, η2 = 0.56 | 0.01*, η2 = 0.43 |
| WISCI-II (0–20) | CG | 10.56 (4.72) | 11.92 (5.31) | 1.39 (0.59) | 0.34, η2 = 0.06 | – |
| SCIM-III (0–100) | IG | 72.54 (5.89) | 76.14 (9.83) | 3.6 (3.94) | 0.04*, η2 = 0.47 | 0.76, η2 = 0.02 |
| SCIM-III (0–100) | CG | 71.82 (4.23) | 77.45 (6.01) | 5.63 (1.78) | 0.03*, η2 = 0.34 | – |
CG control group, IG intervention group, *significant differences (p < 0.05). η2: calculated effect size. 10MWT 10 Meters Walking Test, TUG Test Up and Go, 6MWT 6 Minutes Walking Test, WISCI‑II Walking Index Spinal Cord Injury‑II, SCIM‑III Spinal Cord Independence Measurement‑III