Table 3.
Demographic and health characteristics and the prevalence of selected CAM providers within the past 12 months (weighted %, adjusted odds ratiosa, 95% CI)
| Any provider (n = 2275) | Chiropractor (n = 1159) | Massage therapist (n = 1246) | Acupuncture (n = 319) | Other (n = 412) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Prevalence | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 21.9 | 1.00 | 12.4 | 1.00 | 10.8 | 1.00 | 2.0 | 1.00 | 3.2 | 1.00 |
| Female | 27.9 | 1.39 (1.15, 1.67)*** | 13.5 | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) | 17.4 | 1.79 (1.41, 2.27)*** | 3.9 | 1.93 (1.25, 2.99)** | 5.1 | 1.61 (1.06, 2.44)* |
| Age | ||||||||||
| 18–35 | 22.3 | 1.00 | 11.3 | 1.00 | 14.2 | 1.00 | 2.2 | 1.00 | 3.0 | 1.00 |
| 36–50 | 27.8 | 1.01 (0.77, 1.32) | 14.5 | 1.03 (0.71, 1.47) | 16.1 | 0.82 (0.60, 1.13) | 2.9 | 1.02 (0.44, 2.32) | 5.4 | 1.40 (0.84, 2.33) |
| 51–64 | 31.0 | 0.91 (0.68, 1.22) | 16.5 | 0.92 (0.62, 1.37) | 16.8 | 0.67 (0.47, 0.94)* | 4.3 | 1.20 (0.48, 3.03) | 5.5 | 1.12 (0.65, 1.92) |
| 65+ | 17.3 | 0.43 (0.30, 0.60)*** | 8.8 | 0.45 (0.29, 0.71)*** | 7.3 | 0.27 (0.17, 0.43)*** | 2.8 | 0.88 (0.31, 2.50) | 2.4 | 0.48 (0.21, 1.09) |
| Race | ||||||||||
| White | 30.4 | 1.00 | 16.3 | 1.00 | 18.2 | 1.00 | 3.1 | 1.00 | 5.4 | 1.00 |
| Latino | 13.1 | 0.50 (0.38, 0.65)*** | 7.7 | 0.62 (0.44, 0.86)** | 6.2 | 0.44 (0.31, 0.62)*** | 1.3 | 0.69 (0.35, 1.35) | 1.9 | 0.55 (0.31, 0.97)* |
| Asian and Pacific Islander | 26.2 | 0.85 (0.67, 1.08) | 9.4 | 0.57 (0.41, 0.86)*** | 11.3 | 0.55 (0.41, 0.74)*** | 5.9 | 2.19 (1.35, 3.56)** | 3.6 | 0.68 (0.42, 1.09) |
| African-American | 19.5 | 0.59 (0.45, 0.78)*** | 10.0 | 0.62 (0.43, 0.88)** | 12.9 | 0.73 (0.52, 1.01) | 2.4 | 0.90 (0.43, 1.89) | 1.7 | 0.31 (0.16, 0.61)*** |
| Other | 25.8 | 0.85 (0.63, 1.15) | 11.6 | 0.69 (0.48, 1.00)* | 16.5 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.42) | 3.2 | 1.32 (0.72, 2.45) | 5.8 | 1.25 (0.74, 2.12) |
| Poverty level | ||||||||||
| 0–99% | 13.2 | 1.00 | 6.6 | 1.00 | 6.0 | 1.00 | 1.6 | 1.00 | 2.7 | 1.00 |
| 100–199% | 16.5 | 1.23 (0.85, 1.78) | 8.4 | 1.22 (0.78, 1.91) | 8.4 | 1.42 (0.84, 2.38) | 2.3 | 1.46 (0.73, 2.89) | 2.4 | 0.75 (0.29, 1.92) |
| 200–299% | 22.5 | 1.50 (0.98, 2.29) | 10.3 | 1.35 (0.84, 2.18) | 11.4 | 1.55 (0.86, 2.79) | 2.5 | 1.49 (0.73, 3.04) | 2.9 | 0.70 (0.26, 1.89) |
| 300% and above | 31.1 | 1.92 (1.32, 2.78)*** | 16.6 | 2.09 (1.37, 3.18)*** | 18.7 | 2.20 (1.34, 3.60)** | 3.6 | 1.84 (0.96, 3.54) | 5.4 | 0.96 (0.36, 2.53) |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Less than high school | 11.6 | 1.00 | 6.0 | 1.00 | 5.3 | 1.00 | 1.6 | 1.00 | 1.4 | 1.00 |
| Grade 12/HS diploma | 21.4 | 1.30 (0.91, 1.86) | 13.3 | 1.54 (0.97, 2.47) | 10.7 | 1.19 (0.70, 2.02) | 2.0 | 0.87 (0.41, 1.86) | 2.7 | 1.51 (0.74, 3.07) |
| Some college | 27.3 | 1.63 (1.14, 2.34)** | 13.5 | 1.43 (0.89, 2.29) | 15.5 | 1.60 (0.96, 2.67) | 2.7 | 1.19 (0.58, 2.40) | 4.7 | 2.50 (1.13, 5.55)* |
| College graduate or more | 31.5 | 1.68 (1.15, 2.45)** | 15.2 | 1.39 (0.83, 2.31) | 19.5 | 1.88 (1.10, 3.20)* | 4.4 | 1.69 (0.82, 3.48) | 6.0 | 2.87 (1.34, 6.13)** |
| Health status | ||||||||||
| No chronic illness or cancer | 18.3 | 1.00 | 8.2 | 1.00 | 11.0 | 1.00 | 1.2 | 1.00 | 2.5 | 1.00 |
| Chronic illness/no cancer | 28.9 | 1.87 (1.49, 2.35)*** | 15.7 | 2.14 (1.56, 2.93)*** | 16.3 | 1.45 (1.02, 2.06)*** | 3.9 | 3.25 (1.79, 5.87)*** | 5.2 | 2.07 (1.25, 3.43)** |
| Cancer | 26.7 | 1.82 (1.37, 2.41)*** | 14.7 | 2.18 (1.50, 3.17)*** | 13.2 | 1.67 (1.26, 2.21)* | 3.4 | 2.90 (1.47, 5.73)** | 4.2 | 1.73 (0.97, 3.09) |
| Insurance status | ||||||||||
| Insured | 26.2 | 1.00 | 13.5 | 1.00 | 15.2 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 4.5 | 1.00 |
| Uninsured | 18.9 | 1.10 (0.84, 1.44) | 9.9 | 1.09 (0.76, 1.55) | 8.9 | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) | 2.9 | 1.62 (0.90, 2.93) | 2.7 | 0.95 (0.51, 1.80) |
aAdjusted odds ratios from a multiple logistic regression, with use of selected CAM providers as the dependent variable and sex, age, race, poverty level, education, health status and insurance status as independent variables.
*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.