Table 1. Timeline of biologic therapies in dermatology.

Approximate timeline of biologic therapy development in dermatology, showing key cytokine targets, primary dermatologic indications, and representative agents.

Cytokine key: TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α, IL: interleukin, TSLP: thymic stromal lymphopoietin

Approximate timeline	Biologic class (by cytokine target)	Main dermatologic indications	Example(s)
Early 2000s	TNF-α inhibitors	Psoriasis, HS	Etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab
Late 2000s	IL-12/23 inhibitors	Psoriasis	Ustekinumab
Mid-2010s	IL-17 inhibitors	Psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis	Secukinumab, ixekizumab
Late 2010s	IL-23 inhibitors	Psoriasis	Guselkumab, risankizumab
Late 2010s-2020s	IL-4/IL-13 inhibitors	AD	Dupilumab
2020s onward	Next generation cytokine blockers (IL-31, IL-36, TSLP)	AD, pustular psoriasis	Nemolizumab, spesolimab