Table 2.

Demographic and professional characteristics of dog trainers, overall and by training approach.

	Total trainers	Mixed methods trainers	Positive reinforcement trainers
Age	(N = 35)	(n = 18)	(n = 17)
Mean	47	46	48
Median	50	50	50
Range	25–67	25–63	25–67
Gender identity	N (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Women	23 (66)	11 (61)	12 (71)
Men	12 (34)	7 (39)	5 (29)
Region of residence	N (%)	n (%)	n (%)
West	11 (31)	6 (33)	5 (29)
Midwest	6 (17)	6 (33)	0 (0)
Northeast	7 (20)	2 (11)	5 (29)
South	11 (31)	4 (22)	7 (41)
Weekly training hours	N (%)	n (%)	n (%)
< 20	9 (26)	2 (11)	7 (41)
≥ 20	26 (74)	16 (89)	10 (59)
Years in occupation	N (%)	n (%)	n (%)
2–< 5	4 (11)	2 (11)	2 (12)
5–<15	16 (46)	7 (39)	9 (53)
15–<25	12 (34)	6 (33)	6 (35)
≥ 25	3 (9)	3 (17)	0 (0)
Training	N (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Behavioral	31 (89)	17 (94)	14 (82)
Obedience	16 (46)	9 (50)	7 (41)
Service and assistance	6 (17)	4 (22)	2 (12)
Track and scent	2 (6)	1 (6)	1 (6)
Protection and guard	2 (6)	2 (11)	0 (0)
Agility	1 (3)	0 (0)	1 (6)
Performance	1 (3)	0 (0)	1 (6)
Conformation	1 (3)	0 (0)	1 (6)
Therapy	1 (3)	1 (6)	0 (0)
Competitive obedience/rally	1 (3)	1 (6)	0 (0)