Table 2.
Baseline characteristics by study group and gender
| Runners' Association | Community Controls | Ever-Runners | Never-Runners | |||||
| Female (n = 82) | Male (n = 410) | Female (n = 163) | Male (n = 211) | Female (n = 93) | Male (n = 472) | Female (n = 152) | Male (n = 149) | |
| Mean (SE) | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 59.9 (0.5)a | 62.0 (0.3)a | 65.5 (0.5) | 64.6 (0.5) | 60.3 (0.5)a | 62.0 (0.3)a | 65.7 (0.6) | 65.5 (0.6) |
| Education (years) | 16.3 (0.3) | 16.6 (0.1)a | 15.8 (0.2) | 17.5 (0.2) | 16.4 (0.3)a | 16.8 (0.1) | 15.7 (0.2) | 17.3 (0.2) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.6 (0.2)a | 23.2 (0.1)a | 23.2 (0.3) | 25.0 (0.2) | 21.6 (0.2)a | 23.3 (0.1)a | 23.4 (0.3) | 25.3 (0.3) |
| Pain (VAS 0–100; 0 = no pain) | 20.9 (2.6)a | 20.7 (1.2) | 27.6 (2.1) | 23.0 (1.6) | 19.6 (2.4)a | 20.5 (1.1) | 28.8 (2.1) | 24.3 (1.9) |
| Hospital days/past year | 0.09 (0.1)a | 0.31 (0.1) | 0.45 (0.1) | 0.25 (0.1) | 0.08 (0.0)a | 0.28 (0.1) | 0.48 (0.2) | 0.33 (0.1) |
| Running miles (week) | 19.4 (1.3)a | 26.9 (0.7)a | 0.99 (0.4) | 3.0 (0.4) | 17.4 (1.34)a | 24.3 (0.7)a | 0.9 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4) |
| Exercise minutes (week) | 310.8 (19.8)a | 314.2 (10.3)a | 115.8 (10.0) | 129.0 (9.1) | 283.9 (18.9)a | 292.2 (9.7)a | 118.2 (10.8) | 121.6 (9.4) |
| Cigarette (packs/day) | 0.09 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.04)a | 0.13 (0.0) | 0.05 (0.0) | 0.05 (0.0)a | 0.01 (0.0)a | 0.16 (0.0) | 0.06 (0.0) |
| Alcohol (oz./day) | 1.0 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1)a | 1.0 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.1) | 0.98 (0.1) | 1.14 (0.1)a | 1.01 (0.1) | 1.46 (0.1) |
| Subjects (%) with history of | ||||||||
| Arthritis | 45 | 33 | 47 | 36 | 42 | 33 | 49 | 36 |
| Fractures | 54 | 53 | 41 | 52 | 51 | 52 | 42 | 54 |
| Cancer | 0 | 0.002 | 0 | 0.009 | 0 | 0.004 | 0 | 0.007 |
ap < 0.05 male or female Runners' Association versus matched community controls or male or female Ever-Runners versus matched gender Never-Runners. BMI, body mass index; VAS, visual analog scale.