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. 2026 Mar 10;41(1):49. doi: 10.1007/s10103-026-04820-9

Table 3.

Vector analysis of astigmatic correction

Parameter FS-CRI group TICL group P value Cohen’s d

Target Induced Astigmatism

Arithmetic mean ± SD (D)

1.55 ± 0.38

(1.45–1.66)

1.67 ± 0.33

(1.58–1.76)

0.10 0.32

Surgically Induced Astigmatism

Arithmetic mean ± SD (D)

1.31 ± 0.44

(1.19–1.42)

1.40 ± 0.40

(1.29–1.51)

0.25 0.22

Difference Vector

Arithmetic mean ± SD (D)

0.38 ± 0.27

(0.31–0.46)

0.37 ± 0.24

(0.31–0.44)

0.82 0.04

Angle Of Error

Arithmetic mean ± SD (°)

0.84 ± 6.32

(-0.85-0.91)

0.12 ± 5.01

(-1.24-1.47)

0.50 0.13

Absolute Angle Of Error

Arithmetic mean ± SD (°)

4.45 ± 4.53

(3.23–5.66)

3.55 ± 3.50

(2.60–4.49)

0.25 0.22

Magnitude of error

Arithmetic mean ± SD (D)

-0.25 ± 0.29

(-0.32~-0.17)

-0.27 ± 0.24

(-0.33~-0.20)

0.65 0.09

Index Of Success

Arithmetic mean ± SD

0.26 ± 0.19

(0.21–0.31)

0.23 ± 0.15

(0.19–0.27)

0.40 0.16

Flatting index

Arithmetic mean ± SD

0.82 ± 0.21

(0.76–0.87)

0.82 ± 0.16

(0.78–0.87)

0.88 0.03

Correction Index

Geometric mean

0.80 0.82 - -

FS-CRI group = femtosecond laser-assisted corneal relaxing incisions with implantable collamer lens implantation; TICL group = toric implantable collamer lens implantation.Cohen’s d is the standardized mean difference between two independent groups, calculated as mean difference divided by the pooled SD Inline graphic.