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. 2026 Mar 10;41(1):49. doi: 10.1007/s10103-026-04820-9

Table 4.

Change in total wavefront aberration and retinal image quality parameters by groups

Parameter FS-CRI group Pa value Cohen’s dz TICL group Pa value Cohen’s dz
Preoperative Postoperative Preoperative Postoperative
T. Spherical aberration (µm)

0.023 ± 0.018

(0.018–0.028)

0.041 ± 0.034

(0.032–0.050)

< 0.001 0.498

0.023 ± 0.019

(0.018–0.028)

0.033 ± 0.026

(0.026–0.040)

0.003 0.42
T. Coma (µm)

0.062 ± 0.033

(0.053–0.071)

0.093 ± 0.066

(0.076–0.111)

0.003 0.521

0.053 ± 0.036

(0.044–0.063)

0.073 ± 0.051

(0.059–0.087)

0.018 0.33
T. Trefoil (µm)

0.095 ± 0.046

(0.083–0.107)

0.193 ± 0.121

(0.161–0.226)

< 0.001 0.840

0.108 ± 0.056

(0.093–0.123)

0.155 ± 0.076*

(0.134–0.176)

< 0.001 0.656
T. HOA (µm)

0.142 ± 0.045

(0.130–0.154)

0.258 ± 0.111

(0.228–0.288)

< 0.001 0.966

0.149 ± 0.056

(0.133–0.164)

0.208 ± 0.082

(0.185–0.230)

< 0.001 0.695
Strehl ratio

0.000 ± 0.000

(0.000–0.000)

0.037 ± 0.024

(0.031–0.044)

< 0.001 1.539

0.000 ± 0.000

(0.000–0.000)

0.052 ± 0.039

(0.041–0.063)

< 0.001 1.323
Area ratio (%)

10.48 ± 0.11

(10.45–10.51)

33.66 ± 9.73

(31.05–36.22)

< 0.001 2.382

10.55 ± 0.26

(10.48–10.62)

38.91 ± 11.34

(35.85–41.98)

< 0.001 2.516

FS-CRI group = femtosecond laser-assisted corneal relaxing incisions with implantable collamer lens implantation; TICL group = toric implantable collamer lens implantation; T = Total; HOA = high-order aberration.aComparison between the preoperative and postoperative values.*P<0.05, significantly different between the FS-CRI group and the TICL group.Cohen’s dz is the effect size for paired comparisons, calculated as the mean difference divided by the standard deviation of the difference scores ( dz = Mdiff / SDdiff).