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. 2005 Sep 13;9(5):R591–R595. doi: 10.1186/cc3806

Table 1.

Concentrations of measured anions in plasma (μEq l-1)

Acid Patient group
Diabetic ketoacidosis Lactic acidosis Unknown origin Normal anion gap Controls

Mean SD p Mean SD p Mean SD p Mean SD p Mean SD

Citrate 454.02 194.11 ns 1,453.13 513.95 <0.01 335.63 69.82 nsa 239.1 105.1 ns 448.55 119.80
Isocitrate 421.93 352.56 0.02 704.6 347.6 <0.01 949.16 883.22 <0.01a 84.48 69.6 nsa 60.97 31.31
α-Ketoglutarate 413.41 158.48 <0.01a 547.72 344.98 <0.01a 651.51 203.06 <0.01a 72.97 67.34 nsa 79.17 106.74
Succinate 181.1 173.24 ns 358.27 112.49 <0.01a 340.04 128.74 0.02a 125.89 73.57 nsa 90.29 49.97
Malate 229.81 181.87 <0.01a 593.65 265.88 <0.01 485.16 189.67 <0.01a 95.07 117.59 ns 59.82 32.94
d-Lactate 157.34 67.85 <0.01 397.69 511.15 <0.01a 176.49 135.21 <0.01 69.27 55.39 <0.01 35.63 18.42

For each group, statistical analysis is presented relative to control value. aMann-Whitney non-parametric test. ns, not significant; SD, standard deviation.