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. 2026 Feb 6;18:73. doi: 10.1186/s13098-026-02090-7

Table 4.

Stratified analysis of the association between continuous MCMI and incident chronic diseases

Disease Subgroup Level HR (95% CI) P-value P for interaction
Hypertension Age group < 60 1.10 (1.06–1.15) < 0.001 0.047
≥ 60 1.24 (1.13–1.35) < 0.001
Gender Male 1.38 (1.23–1.54) < 0.001 < 0.001
Female 1.10 (1.05–1.14) < 0.001
Smoking status Yes 1.26 (1.15–1.38) < 0.001 0.008
No 1.10 (1.06–1.14) < 0.001
Drinking status Yes 1.34 (1.20–1.50) < 0.001 0.001
No 1.10 (1.06–1.14) < 0.001
Diabetes Age group < 60 1.13 (1.09–1.17) < 0.001 < 0.001
≥ 60 1.37 (1.26–1.48) < 0.001
Gender Male 1.43 (1.32–1.56) < 0.001 < 0.001
Female 1.13 (1.09–1.17) < 0.001
Smoking status Yes 1.42 (1.31–1.53) < 0.001 < 0.001
No 1.12 (1.08–1.16) < 0.001
Drinking status Yes 1.43 (1.31–1.55) < 0.001 < 0.001
No 1.13 (1.09–1.17) < 0.001
Cancer Age group < 60 1.08 (0.95–1.22) 0.249 0.899
≥ 60 1.13 (0.86–1.49) 0.368
Gender Male 1.16 (0.85–1.58) 0.363 0.999
Female 1.08 (0.96–1.22) 0.203
Smoking status Yes 1.11 (0.82–1.52) 0.493 0.987
No 1.09 (0.97–1.23) 0.154
Drinking status Yes 1.27 (0.98–1.64) 0.074 0.446
No 1.06 (0.91–1.23) 0.463
Lung Disease Age group < 60 1.07 (0.93–1.22) 0.342 0.010
≥ 60 0.88 (0.77–1.01) 0.066
Gender Male 0.88 (0.77–1.02) 0.080 0.119
Female 1.05 (0.93–1.19) 0.451
Smoking status Yes 0.90 (0.78–1.04) 0.145 0.354
No 1.02 (0.90–1.16) 0.755
Drinking status Yes 0.87 (0.76–1.01) 0.072 0.142
No 1.04 (0.92–1.18) 0.520
Heart Disease Age group < 60 1.11 (1.05–1.17) < 0.001 0.066
≥ 60 1.03 (0.92–1.16) 0.591
Gender Male 1.12 (0.99–1.26) 0.070 0.551
Female 1.09 (1.02–1.16) 0.011
Smoking status Yes 1.07 (0.94–1.21) 0.307 0.758
No 1.10 (1.04–1.17) 0.002
Drinking status Yes 1.05 (0.92–1.21) 0.467 0.502
No 1.10 (1.04–1.16) < 0.001
Stroke Age group < 60 1.10 (1.03–1.18) 0.005 0.440
≥ 60 1.21 (1.09–1.36) < 0.001
Gender Male 1.25 (1.12–1.39) < 0.001 0.063
Female 1.10 (1.02–1.18) 0.010
Smoking status Yes 1.24 (1.11–1.39) < 0.001 0.162
No 1.10 (1.03–1.18) 0.004
Drinking status Yes 1.18 (1.03–1.35) 0.019 0.485
No 1.11 (1.05–1.18) < 0.001
Psychological Problem Age group < 60 0.80 (0.61–1.04) 0.094 0.678
≥ 60 0.91 (0.69–1.22) 0.536
Gender Male 1.01 (0.74–1.39) 0.932 0.272
Female 0.78 (0.62–0.99) 0.041
Smoking status Yes 0.97 (0.68–1.38) 0.860 0.304
No 0.81 (0.65–1.01) 0.066
Drinking status Yes 0.75 (0.53–1.07) 0.117 0.641
No 0.89 (0.71–1.12) 0.328
Arthritis Age group < 60 1.00 (0.92–1.08) 0.949 0.620
≥ 60 0.96 (0.85–1.07) 0.428
Gender Male 0.98 (0.87–1.11) 0.779 0.642
Female 0.98 (0.91–1.07) 0.698
Smoking status Yes 1.01 (0.90–1.14) 0.859 0.607
No 0.97 (0.90–1.06) 0.538
Drinking status Yes 1.02 (0.90–1.16) 0.757 0.441
No 0.97 (0.89–1.05) 0.437
Dyslipidemia Age group < 60 1.10 (1.07–1.13) < 0.001 0.037
≥ 60 1.22 (1.14–1.31) < 0.001
Gender Male 1.32 (1.24–1.42) < 0.001 < 0.001
Female 1.09 (1.05–1.12) < 0.001
Smoking status Yes 1.28 (1.20–1.37) < 0.001 < 0.001
No 1.09 (1.06–1.13) < 0.001
Drinking status Yes 1.31 (1.22–1.41) < 0.001 < 0.001
No 1.09 (1.06–1.13) < 0.001
Liver Disease Age group < 60 1.05 (0.96–1.15) 0.251 0.956
≥ 60 1.09 (0.92–1.28) 0.311
Gender Male 1.13 (0.97–1.32) 0.109 0.270
Female 1.04 (0.93–1.16) 0.497
Smoking status Yes 1.14 (0.98–1.32) 0.086 0.291
No 1.03 (0.92–1.15) 0.606
Drinking status Yes 1.12 (0.95–1.32) 0.195 0.633
No 1.04 (0.94–1.15) 0.450
Kidney Disease Age group < 60 0.99 (0.86–1.13) 0.848 0.819
≥ 60 0.98 (0.85–1.15) 0.843
Gender Male 0.93 (0.79–1.09) 0.352 0.395
Female 1.02 (0.91–1.13) 0.768
Smoking status Yes 1.06 (0.91–1.23) 0.455 0.204
No 0.93 (0.81–1.08) 0.336
Drinking status Yes 1.03 (0.87–1.22) 0.708 0.620
No 0.94 (0.82–1.09) 0.417
Digestive Disease Age group < 60 0.95 (0.85–1.05) 0.301 0.084
≥ 60 0.83 (0.73–0.95) 0.006
Gender Male 0.80 (0.69–0.92) 0.002 0.054
Female 0.96 (0.87–1.05) 0.369
Smoking status Yes 0.81 (0.70–0.94) 0.005 0.211
No 0.95 (0.86–1.05) 0.314
Drinking status Yes 0.79 (0.69–0.92) 0.002 0.073
No 0.95 (0.86–1.05) 0.321
Asthma Age group < 60 1.03 (0.80–1.33) 0.806 0.412
≥ 60 0.91 (0.74–1.13) 0.400
Gender Male 0.89 (0.70–1.13) 0.339 0.351
Female 1.03 (0.83–1.28) 0.791
Smoking status Yes 0.90 (0.71–1.14) 0.369 0.434
No 1.03 (0.82–1.29) 0.784
Drinking status Yes 0.79 (0.61–1.02) 0.075 0.049
No 1.11 (0.91–1.36) 0.282

All hazard ratios were adjusted for age, gender, education, marital status, residence, smoking, drinking, physical activity (METs), C-reactive protein (CRP), ADL disability, self-reported health, and chronic disease count at baseline, except for the stratification variable itself. P for interaction was derived from the coefficient of the cross-product term between the continuous MCMI and the dichotomized subgroup variable

ADL, Activities of Daily Living; CI, Confidence Interval; HR, Hazard Ratio; MET, Metabolic Equivalent of Task