Table 1. Baseline Characteristics and Tumor Complexity by Surgical Group (N = 90).
| Characteristic | RN group (N = 41) | PN group (N = 49) | Total cohort (N = 90) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics and pre-operative health | ||||
| Mean age (years) | 59.5 ± 13.3 | 63.1 ± 10.9 | 61.5 ± 12.1 | 0.16 |
| Male sex (%) | 78 | 77.6 | 77.8 | 0.96 |
| Mean BMI | 21.2 ± 3.2 | 20.8 ± 2.8 | 21.0 ± 3.0 | 0.54 |
| Flank pain (%) | - | - | 53.3 | - |
| Incidentally detected (%) | - | - | 41.1 | - |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | - | - | 45.1 | - |
| Type II diabetes mellitus (%) | - | - | 18.9 | - |
| ESRD on dialysis (%) | 9.8 | 0 | 4.4 | 0.042 |
| Mean pre-operative Hb (g/L) | 121.6 ± 25.2 | 137.6 ± 17.6 | 130.3 ± 22.8 | < 0.001 |
| Mean pre-operative eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 43.2 ± 16.7 | 48.8 ± 10.4 | 46.3 ± 13.9 | 0.58 |
| Baseline eGFR < 45 (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 8 (19.5%) | 10 (20.4%) | 18 (20.0%) | 0.92 |
| Positive proteinuria (%) | 41.5 | 38.8 | 40 | 0.482 |
| Tumor and pathological characteristics | ||||
| Median tumor size (cm) | 8.0 | 3.7 | 5.9 | < 0.001 |
| Mean RENAL score | 10.2 | 7.1 | 8.5 | < 0.001 |
| Post-operative ≥ T2 (%) | 75.6 | 6.2 | 37.7 | 0.001 |
| Histology: clear cell RCC (%) | 75.5 | 69.4 | 72.3 | 0.4 |
This table summarizes patient demographics, clinical status, and tumor characteristics, demonstrating the selection bias in surgical indication. BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; Hb: hemoglobin; PN: partial nephrectomy; RCC: renal cell carcinoma; RN: radical nephrectomy.