Table 3.
Benchmarking performance via comparative analysis.
| Ref. | Size (mm ) |
Normalized Size ( ) |
Resonance Frequency (GHz) | BW (GHz) | Gain (dBi) | Aperture Efficiency (%) | Substrate | Design Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | 87  60 |
1.8
 1.1
|
5.5 | 2.25–7 | 2.5 | 8.1 | FR-4, 
|
Two half-Vivaldi + slot |
| 17 | 187.5  190 |
2.38
 2.41
|
3.8 | 0.56–7.7 | 9.2 | 43.5 | FR-4, 
|
Dual-polarized Vivaldi pair |
| 18 | 5.7  13.2 |
0.49
 1.13
|
25.85 | 24.25–27.5 |
 0.5 |
12.7 | Rogers RO4003C, 
|
Grating Vivaldi |
| 19 | 25  40 |
0.29
 0.46
|
3.5 | 3.4–3.78 |
 0 |
58.4 | Rogers RO4003C, 
|
Vivaldi + Marchand balun |
| 20 | 29  33 |
0.56
 0.64
|
5.88 | 5.825–5.925 | 4.35 | 58.8 | PTFE, 
|
MIMO patch + defected ground structure |
| 21 | 29  29 |
0.33
 0.33
|
3.5 | 0.68 | 0.54 | 78.7 | FR-4, 
|
Asymmetric-slit patch |
| This work | 21.87  90.5 |
1.12
 4.64
|
15.4 | 14.8–16, 16.4–18 | 14.5 | 43 | Rogers RT5880, 
|
CRLH + 3D reflector |