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. 2026 Mar 10;16:8733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-43341-x

Table 3.

Descriptive values of coping strategies from the EFK for the whole group, with reference values from a German normative population.

Scale M SD Ref. M Ref. SD
Action-oriented, problem-focused coping 2.46 .81 2.24 .88
Distance and self-construction 2.10 .70 1.96 .78
Information-seeking and experience-sharing 1.19 .85 1.42 .93
Trivialization, wishful thinking, and threat defense 1.08 .66 1.22 .71
Depressive processing 0.87 .71 0.71 .70
Willingness to accept help 1.62 .80 1.48 .76
Active search for social inclusion 1.83 .81 1.93 .89
Trust in medical art 3.30 .58 2.46 .79
Working out an inner support 1.14 .71 1.32 .81

M = mean; SD = standard deviation; Ref = reference; Minimum score 0, maximum score 4.