Table 2. Comparison of migration and antimicrobial performance across nanomaterial-polymer systems.
| Nanomaterial | Polymer matrix | Reported quantitative performance | Food/simulant studied | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AgNPs | PLA | Ag+ migration 0.02 mg kg−1; antimicrobial activity 2–5 log CFU g−1 reduction | Apple juice, acetic acid, distilled water and ethanol | Emelda et al., (2019)99 |
| ZnONPs | Chitosan | Zn2+ migration up to 50 mg kg−1 in acidic media, ∼2 log CFU g−1 reduction | Meat | 100 |
| TiO2NPs | PLA | Up to 7.9 log CFU g−1 reduction under photoactivation | Tomatoes | 25 |
| Chitosan (nanostructured) | Chitosan films | 1–2% weight loss reduction in fruits/vegetables, 2–4 log CFU g−1 reduction in fish | Fruits, vegetables, fish | 101 |