Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of patients with aluminum phosphide and zinc phosphide poisoning
| Poison Type | Category | Expired (n, %) | Recovered (n, %) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| AlP | Female | 3 (16.7%) | 15 (83.3%) | 0.19 a |
| Male | 8 (34.8%) | 15 (65.2%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | Female | 0 (0%) | 10 (100%) | 0.71 a |
| Male | 1 (12.5%) | 7 (87.5%) | ||
| Psychiatric History | ||||
| AlP | Yes | 4 (40%) | 6 (60%) | 0.28 a |
| No | 7 (22.6%) | 24 (77.4%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | Yes | 0 (0%) | 6 (100%) | 0.529 b |
| No | 1 (8.3%) | 11 (91.6%) | ||
| Form of Toxin | ||||
| AlP | Tablets | 11 (28.2%) | 28 (71.8%) | 0.598 b |
| Powder | 0 (0%) | 2 (100%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | Tablets | - | - | - |
| Powder 1 | 1 (5.5%) | 17 (94.4%) | ||
| Method of Toxin Consumption 2 | ||||
| AlP | Dissolved in Water | 1 (6.7%) | 14 (93.3%) | 0.006 a |
| Not Dissolved in Water | 10 (50%) | 10 (50%) | ||
| Unknown | 0 (0%) | 5 (100%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | Dissolved in Water | 0 (0%) | 16 (100%) | 0.216 b |
| Not Dissolved in Water | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | ||
| Unknown | - | - | ||
| Hypotension in First 48 h 3 | ||||
| AlP | No Response to Treatment | 3 (23.1%) | 10 (76.9%) | < 0.001 b |
| Responded to Treatment | 3 (21.4%) | 11 (78.6%) | ||
| No Hypotension | 0 (0%) | 9 (100%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | No Response to Treatment | 0 (0%) | 5 (100%) | 0.15 b |
| Responded to Treatment | 0 (0%) | 8 (100%) | ||
| No Hypotension | 0 (0%) | 4 (100%) | ||
| Metabolic Acidosis Progression in First 48 h 3 | ||||
| AlP | No Response to Treatment | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 0.003 b |
| Responded to Treatment | 2 (11.8%) | 15 (88.2%) | ||
| No Metabolic Acidosis | 0 (0%) | 13 (100%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | No Response to Treatment | 0 (0%) | 3 (100%) | 0.97 b |
| Responded to Treatment | 0 (0%) | 9 (100%) | ||
| No Metabolic Acidosis | 0 (0%) | 5 (100%) | ||
| Hospitalization Unit 4 | ||||
| AlP | General Ward | 0 (0%) | 17 (100%) | 0.009 b |
| ICU | 7 (35%) | 13 (65%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | General Ward | 0 (0%) | 16 (100%) | < 0.001b |
| ICU | 1 (100%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Time Interval from Poison Ingestion to Hospital Admission | ||||
| AlP | < 1 h | 3 (33.3%) | 6 (66.7%) | 0.738 b |
| 1 ≤ Time < 2 h | 5 (29.4%) | 12 (70.6%) | ||
| ≥ 2 h | 3 (20%) | 12 (80%) | ||
| Zinc Phosphide | < 1 h | 0 (0%) | 4 (100%) | 0.706 b |
| 1 ≤ Time < 2 h | 0 (0%) | 5 (100%) | ||
| ≥ 2 h | 1 (11.11%) | 8 (88.88%) |
a: chi-square test
b: Fisher’s exact test
1: As zinc phosphide is only available in powder form, no statistical comparison was possible for this subgroup
2: In 5 cases (8.4%), the method of toxin consumption was unknown due to altered consciousness at the time of presentation
3: Five patients with AlP poisoning and one patient with zinc phosphide poisoning expired within six hours of hospitalization, precluding the assessment of their hypotensive status and metabolic acidosis progression
4: Four patients with AlP poisoning and one patient with zinc phosphide poisoning expired during the initial hours of hospitalization in the emergency department. Therefore, they were excluded from the analysis of hospitalization location