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. 2026 Feb 27;16:1748250. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1748250

Table 3.

Post-operative complications between HCCA patients with PVR and non-PVR.

Variables Total Non-PVR PVR P
(n = 317) (n = 255) (n = 62)
Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ III 40 (14.83) 29 (11.37) 11 (17.74) 0.176
Fever, n (%) 122 (38.98) 89 (35.32) 33 (54.10) 0.002
Bile leakage, n (%) 58 (18.30) 34 (13.33) 24 (38.71) 0.001
Infection, n (%) 180 (57.51) 135 (53.57) 45 (73.77) 0.004
Cholangitis, n (%) 17 (5.45) 12 (4.78) 5 (8.20) 0.459
Bowel leakage, n (%) 4 (1.28) 4 (1.59) 0 (0.00) 1
Hydrothorax diameter > 3 cm, n (%) 63 (21.28) 49 (20.76) 14 (23.33) 0.664
Abdominal puncture drainage, n (%) 50 (16.03) 41 (16.33) 9 (14.75) 0.763
Post-operative hemorrhage, n (%) 115 (38.33) 89 (37.08) 26 (43.33) 0.373
Post-hepatectomy liver failure, n (%) 14 (4.42) 8 (3.14) 6 (9.68) 0.025
Hospital stays (days) 24.40 ± 13.23 23.94 ± 13.39 26.28 ± 12.50 0.217
90-day mortality, n (%) 26 (8.20) 19 (7.45) 7 (11.29) 0.323
Readmission within 90 days, n (%) 45 (14.20) 30 (11.76) 15 (24.19) 0.012

HCCA, hilar cholangiocarcinoma; PVR, portal vein reconstruction.