Table 1.
Study characteristics summary
| Study ID | Study Design | Intervention Duration | Sample Size by Group | Age | BMI Baseline | Weight Baseline | Baseline Fitness Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Camacho-Cardenosa 2018 | RCT | 12 weeks | IHT = 13 (M = 0, F = 13), INT = 15 (M = 0, F = 15) | IHT = 44.43 ± 7.18, INT = 43.14 ± 7.67 | IHT = 30.03 ± 6.37, INT = 29.59 ± 5.25 | IHT = 80.10 ± 18.88, INT = 80.41 ± 16.27 | Sedentary (< 2 bouts of 30 min exercise/week) |
| Camacho-Cardenosa 2020 | RCT | 12 weeks | NHT = 41 (M = 0, F = 41), CON = 41 (M = 0, F = 41) | NHT = 36.6 ± 9.5, CON = 31.3 ± 8.8 | NHT = 29.78 ± 6.23 kg/m², CON = 29.31 ± 5.21 kg/m² | NR | Sedentary |
| Chacaroun 2020 | RCT | 8 weeks | NHT = 12 (M = 11, F = 1), CON = 11 (M = 8, F = 3) | NHT = 52 ± 12 years, CON = 56 ± 11 years | NHT = 31.2 ± 2.4 kg/m², CON = 31.8 ± 3.2 kg/m² | NR | Sedentary (< 2 h low-intensity physical activity/week) |
| Gatterer 2015 | RCT | 32 weeks | NHT = 16 (M = 4, F = 12), CON = 16 (M = 6, F = 10) | NHT = 50.3 ± 10.3 years, CON = 52.4 ± 7.9 years | NHT = 37.9 ± 8.1 kg/m², CON = 36.3 ± 4.0 kg/m² | NHT = 105.5 ± 20.0 kg, CON = 103.2 ± 15.1 kg | NR |
| Ghaith 2022 | RCT | 8 weeks | NHT = 16 (M = 10, F = 6), CON = 15 (M = 13, F = 2) | NHT = 51.0 ± 8.3 years, CON = 52.0 ± 7.5 years | NHT = 31.5 ± 4.0 kg/m², CON = 32.4 ± 4.8 kg/m² | NHT = 95.4 ± 19.4 kg, CON = 99.9 ± 15.5 kg | Sedentary (< 2 h low-intensity physical activity/week) |
| Jiao 2024 | RCT | 4 weeks | NHT = 13 (M = 5, F = 8), CON = 9 (M = 4, F = 5) | NHT = 36.62 ± 9.54, CON = 31.33 ± 8.75 | NHT = 28.08 ± 2.10 kg/m², CON = 29.28 ± 5.81 kg/m² | NHT = 80.70 ± 9.95 kg, CON = 84.98 ± 19.39 kg | Sedentary |
| Kong 2014 | RCT | 4 weeks | NHT = 9 (M = 5, F = 4), CON = 9 (M = 5, F = 4) | NHT = 19.8 ± 2.2, CON = 22.3 ± 1.7 | NHT = 34.7 ± 5.3 kg/m², CON = 33.8 ± 5.6 kg/m² | NHT = 99.0 ± 19.5 kg, CON = 103.4 ± 24.7 kg | Sedentary |
| Mai 2019 | RCT | 6 weeks | NHT = 12 (M = 12, F = 0), CON = 9 (M = 9, F = 0) | NHT = 57.0 ± 7.5, CON = 58.0 ± 8.5 | NHT = 33.5 ± 4.3 kg/m², CON = 34.2 ± 2.6 kg/m² | NHT = NR, CON = NR | Sedentary |
| Morishima 2014 | RCT | 4 weeks | NHT = 9 (M = 9, F = 0), CON = 11 (M = 11, F = 0) | NHT = 30 ± 2, CON = 32 ± 3 | NHT = 25.6 ± 1.2 kg/m², CON = 25.4 ± 0.9 kg/m² | NHT = 74.4 ± 4.2 kg, CON = 73.8 ± 4.0 kg | Sedentary |
| Park 2019 | RCT | 12 weeks | NHT = 12 (M = 12, F = 0), CON = 12 (M = 12, F = 0) | NHT = 66.5 ± 0.9, CON = 66.5 ± 0.67 | NHT = 26.0 ± 0.61 kg/m², CON = 25.63 ± 0.35 kg/m² | NHT = 70.72 ± 5.45 kg, CON = 68.39 ± 5.03 kg | Low activity levels |