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. 2026 Jan 8;18:125. doi: 10.1186/s13102-025-01457-z

Table 5.

Leave-one-out sensitivity results

outcome Study Omitted No. of
studies
NHT (n) CON (n) MD (CI) P value I2 Change MD interpretation
BMI Chacaroun 2020 6 75 72 0.36 (−0.24, 0.96) 0.182 0% 4.40% Minimal change
Gatterer 2015 6 71 67 0.33 (−0.24, 0.9) 0.2 0% −4.30% Minimal change
Ghaith 2022 6 71 68 0.41 (−0.06, 0.87) 0.075 0% 17.70% Minimal change
Jiao 2024 6 74 74 0.39 (−0.13, 0.9) 0.11 0% 11.80% Minimal change
Kong 2014 6 78 74 0.38 (−0.14, 0.89) 0.117 0% 9.80% Minimal change
Morishima 2014 6 78 72 0.25 (−0.47, 0.97) 0.411 0% −27.30% Substantial change
Park 2019 6 75 71 0.21 (−0.56, 0.98) 0.519 0% −39.90% Substantial change
Body Fat Percentage Chacaroun 2020 4 50 48 0.46 (−3.94, 4.85) 0.763 78.80% 121.10% Substantial change
Gatterer 2015 4 46 43 −0.13 (−4.3, 4.03) 0.926 76.20% −164.50% Substantial change
Jiao 2024 4 49 50 −0.15 (−4.26, 3.96) 0.915 76% −172.50% Substantial change
Morishima 2014 4 53 48 −0.47 (−5, 4.05) 0.761 49.10% −329.80% Substantial change
Park 2019 4 50 47 1.75 (0.22, 3.29) 0.036 0% 751% Substantial change
Body Weight Gatterer 2015 4 46 47 0.05 (−2.71, 2.8) 0.962 0% −60.90% Substantial change
Ghaith 2022 4 46 48 0.33 (−1.72, 2.37) 0.647 0% 181.90% Substantial change
Kong 2014 4 53 54 0.23 (−2.04, 2.49) 0.772 0% 94.80% Substantial change
Morishima 2014 4 53 52 −0.6 (−3.95, 2.74) 0.607 0% −618.80% Substantial change
Park 2019 4 50 51 0.35 (−3.28, 3.98) 0.781 0% 199.40% Substantial change
Fat Mass Chacaroun 2020a 4 47 44 1.11 (−0.05, 2.28) 0.056 0% 1.30% Significance changed
Ghaith 2022 4 43 40 1.08 (−0.08, 2.24) 0.059 0% −1.80% Significance changed
Jiao 2024 4 46 46 1.15 (0.02, 2.28) 0.048 0% 4.50% Minimal change
Kong 2014 4 50 46 1.21 (0.78, 1.65) 0.003 0% 10.60% Minimal change
Morishima 2014 4 50 44 0.47 (−1.4, 2.34) 0.481 0% −57.10% Substantial change
Waist Circumference Camacho-Cardenosa 2018 3 44 42 −2.21 (−16.2, 11.77) 0.566 58.20% −75.80% Substantial change
Chacaroun 2020 3 45 46 −2.36 (−16.96, 12.25) 0.559 54.40% −87.10% Substantial change
Gatterer 2015 3 41 41 −1.73 (−16.59, 13.12) 0.665 62.90% −37.70% Substantial change
Ghaith 2022 3 41 42 1.39 (−0.31, 3.09) 0.072 0% 210.50% Substantial change

MD Mean difference, N Sample size, CI Confidence interval, I2Heterogeneity