| 4-HNE | 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal |
| AA | Arachidonoyl |
| ACSL4 | Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4 |
| ALA | 5-aminolevulinic acid |
| ALAS1 | 5-aminolevulinate synthase |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| CL | Cardiolipin |
| COX-10 | Heme A:farnesyltransferase (Complex IV assembly cofactor) |
| ETC | Electron transport chain |
| Fe-S | Iron–sulfur |
| GPX4 | Glutathione Peroxidase 4 |
| GSH | Reduced glutathione |
| GSSG | Oxidized glutathione |
| HIFα | Hypoxia-inducible factor alpha |
| HOSS | Homeostatic Oxygen-Sensing System |
| LPCAT3 | Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 3 |
| LPO | Lipoperoxidation |
| MASLD | Metabolically Associated Steatotic Liver Disease |
| MCU | Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| MFRN1 | Mitoferrin 1 |
| MFRN2 | Mitoferrin 2 |
| mNCE | Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ Exchanger |
| mPTP | Mitochondrial permeability transition pore |
| mtROS | Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| PGC-1α | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| PHDs | Prolyl-hydroxylases |
| PUFAs | Polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| Q-cycle | Quinone cycle (electron transfer mechanism in Complex III) |
| RNS | Reactive Nitrogen Species |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SLC25A39 | Solute carrier family 25 member 39 (mitochondrial glutathione transporter) |
| UCP-1 | Uncoupling protein 1 |
| UCPs | Uncoupling proteins |
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