Adv-DMEM	Advanced Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
AKT	Protein Kinase B
AMPK	AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
ATCC	American Type Culture Collection
CFU	Colony-Forming Units
DMEM	Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
DNJ	1-Deoxynojirimycin
ELISA	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
EMA	European Medicines Agency
EVOM	Epithelial Volt/Ohm Meter
FBS	Fetal Bovine Serum
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
GLUT2	Glucose Transporter Type 2
IRS1	Insulin Receptor Substrate 1
MTT	3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide
OD	Optical Density
PGC-1α	Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1 Alpha
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SCFAs	Short-Chain Fatty Acids
SOD	Superoxide Dismutase
TEER	Transepithelial Electrical Resistance
TJ	Tight Junction
TLR	Toll-Like Receptor