Table 2.
Study demographics and key findings
| Author | Year | Data Source | Procedure Type | Disparity Domain | Key Findings Related to Revision Arthroplasty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aggarwal et al. [16] | 2023 | PearlDiver, 2014-2016 | THA | Race | Revision rates did not differ by race overall and were significantly lower among Black patients after matching. |
| Aggarwal et al. [17] | 2024 | PearlDiver, 2014-2016 | TKA | Race | Black patients had higher revision rates pre-matching, but no racial differences in revision arthroplasty persisted after matching. |
| Alvarez et al. [18] | 2022 | MEDLINE database, 2002-2022 | THA, TKA | Race | Black patients had higher revision risk after THA/TKA, while Hispanic patients showed increased complications and readmissions compared to White patients. |
| Anil et al. [19] | 2025 | New York database | THA | Race | Black patients had slightly lower revision risk than White patients, with no long-term differences in cumulative revision rates. |
| Barry et al. [9] | 2023 | ACS-NSQIP, 2008-2020 | THA, TKA | Race | Minority patients, particularly Black and Hispanic patients, had significantly lower adjusted revision rates. |
| Bass et al. [20] | 2019 | Institution database, 2008-2012 | TKA | Race | Black patients had higher unadjusted revision risk, but only younger age, male sex, and constrained implants predicted risk after adjustment. |
| Bass et al. [21] | 2021 | Multistate database, 2004-2014 | TKA | Race | Black patients had higher septic and aseptic revision risk, with greater disparities at high-volume centers. |
| Benes et al. [22] | 2023 | REACHnet database, 2014-2020 | THA | Race | Nonelective THA, tobacco use, alcohol dependence, and public insurance increased revision or reoperation risk; no racial differences observed. |
| Bennett et al. [23] | 2025 | Veterans Affairs medical center, 2014-2020 | TKA | Race | Revision TKA patients were more often Black and younger, with higher pain scores and lower total OME prescribed at discharge. |
| Chen et al. [24] | 2021 | Multistate database, 2015-2018 | THA | Gender | Women had slightly higher revision risk than men, especially under age 55, though absolute differences were minimal. |
| Dhanjani et al. [25] | 2023 | National Inpatient Sample, 2006-2014 | THA, TKA | Race | Race and income influenced revision type and indication, with minorities and lower-income patients showing distinct, widening revision arthroplasty patterns. |
| Ferucci et al. [26] | 2024 | Alaska database, 2015-2018 | THA, TKA | Race | Alaska Native/American Indian patients underwent fewer procedures than Whites but were younger, rural, and had longer hospital stays. |
| Grant et al. [27] | 2024 | Ontario database, 2015-2020 | THA | Gender | Women had higher surgical complications, including revision, within 1 year, while men had more early complications after surgery. |
| Gu et al. [28] | 2020 | ACS-NSQIP, 2007-2014 | TKA | Gender | Male revision TKA patients had higher postoperative complication risk, while females had increased urinary tract infection risk. |
| Hilibrand et al. [29] | 2020 | National Inpatient Sample, 2001-2011 | THA, TKA | Geography | Revision arthroplasty rates were nationally stable for TKA and declined for THA but varied over twofold by state. |
| Hinman et al. [30] | 2020 | Total Joint Replacement Registry, 2000-2016 | TKA | Race | Black patients had higher aseptic revision risk, while Hispanic and Asian patients had lower septic and aseptic revision rates. |
| Klemt et al. [31] | 2020 | Institution database, 2010-2017 | THA, TKA | Race | Black and Hispanic patients had higher BMI and infection risk, with Black patients showing greater comorbidity and longer stays. |
| Lewis et al. [32] | 2022 | International database, 2003-2019 | TKA | Gender | Female sex increased fracture-related revision risk, while male sex increased infection-related revision risk. |
| Lizcano et al. [33] | 2025 | Institution database, 2017-2023 | THA | Geography | Higher social vulnerability was associated with increased aseptic loosening revisions, reoperations, complications, and mortality. |
| Markel et al. [34] | 2022 | Michigan database, 2012-2018 | THA | Gender | Women, especially younger patients, had the highest revision rates, with fractures early and aseptic loosening predominating later. |
| Mehta et al. [35] | 2025 | Pennsylvania database, 2012-2018 | THA | Geography | One-year revision risk was modestly predictable, driven primarily by community factors, discharge location, and comorbidities. |
| Mirza et al. [36] | 2023 | New York database, 2006-2016 | TKA | Race | Black patients had higher aseptic revision odds, with greatest disparities at high-volume surgeons and hospitals. |
| Paisner et al. [37] | 2022 | American Joint Replacement Registry, 2012-2020 | TKA | Race | Black patients had the highest revision risk, while Asian, White, and Hispanic patients had lower revision rates. |
| Ramirez et al. [38] | 2022 | New York database, 2008-2016 | THA, TKA | Geography | Centralizing care minimally increased travel overall but disproportionately burdened Hispanic, low-income, and rural patients. |
| Roche et al. [39] | 2019 | PearlDiver, 2007-2014 | TKA | Race | Revision incidence was highest among Black patients and lowest among Asians, with mechanical complications the leading cause across groups. |
| Stronach et al. [40] | 2022 | Center for Medicare and Medicaid Service, 2019-2020 | THA, TKA | Race | Arthroplasty utilization, including revisions, declined during COVID-19, with disproportionately larger reductions among Hispanic and non-White patients. |
Abbreviations: ACS-NSQIP American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, BMI body mass index, OME oral morphine equivalents, THA total hip arthroplasty, TKA total knee arthroplasty