Fig. 3.

Effects of high-fat diet on RAAS-related parameters of empagliflozin in healthy subjects. (A) Plasma renin concentration (PRC) levels. (B) Angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. (C) Aldosterone (ALD) levels. Notes: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *p < 0.05, in the fasting group, post-dose (2 h and 4 h) vs. pre-dose (0 h). ^#p < 0.05, in the fed group, post-dose (2 h, and 4 h) vs. pre-dose (0 h). 0 h: before empagliflozin administration; 2 h: 2 h after empagliflozin administration. 4 h: 4 h after empagliflozin administration. Fasting group: n = 19; fed group: n = 23. Green indicates the fasting group and yellow indicates the fed group