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. 2026 Feb 10;25:234. doi: 10.1186/s12912-026-04425-1

Table 2.

Distribution of leadership styles reported by head nurses and perceived by nurses

Leadership Styles Self-Assessment (Head Nurses) (n = 30) Nurse Assessment (n = 381)
n (%) n (%)
Directive (S1) 7(22.7) 82(21.57)
Coaching (S2) 8(25) 105(27.45)
Supporting (S3) 9(31.17) 100(26.33)
Delegative (S4) 6(21.12) 94(24.51)

Note1: The most common leadership style reported by head nurses was Supporting (S3, 31.17%), while they most frequently perceived their leaders as using the Coaching style (27.45%)

Note2: Percentages represent the proportion of total style selections for each group, calculated as (number of selections for a specific style ÷ total number of leadership responses) × 100. The total number of responses equals the number of participants multiplied by the 12 questionnaire scenarios