Detection of vvhA mRNA in 25-day-old VBNC cells of V. vulnificus by seminested RT-PCR. Lanes: 1, clinical strain C7184; 2, environmental strain IF Vv18; 3, environmental strain IF Vv10; M, 100-bp DNA ladder size marker (Life Technologies); +, positive control with RNA extracted from a stationary-phase culture of strain C7184; −, negative control without RNA.