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. 2004 Dec 17;6(1):46–51. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400317

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Domain 4 of ddFLN has a stable refolding intermediate. (A) Mechanical refolding experiments with ddFLN4. Three typical outcomes from a series of 50 stretch and relax cycles with a single ddFLN4 domain. Black traces represent relaxation curves and red traces stretching curves. Starting from the unfolded state U (traces I, III and V), ddFLN4 can either fold back to the native state N (II), to a folding intermediate RFI (IV) or not fold at all (VI). The blue pattern superimposed in the background is a complete unfolding pattern of ddFLN4. (B) Refolding experiments from the unfolding intermediate. (I) Unfolding trace, starting from the native state N and ending in the unfolding intermediate state UFI. (II) Domain 4 is relaxed and allowed to refold. (III) Subsequent stretching shows that ddFLN4 has folded back to the native state N from UFI. This experiment is repeated in traces IV and V. (C) Kinetic scheme of the mechanical unfolding and refolding pathways of ddFLN4.