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. 2026 Mar 4;17:1748490. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1748490

Table 2.

Bone mineral density means, standard deviations, and percentile values (5th–95th) for males and females across age categories.

Region Gender Age group Sample size Mean BMD Std Dev Percentile
5th 10th 15th 25th 50th 75th 85th 90th 95th
Lumbar spine Female 21–30 60 0.974 0.130 0.752 0.808 0.863 0.905 0.973 1.066 1.108 1.122 1.182
31–40 254 0.980 0.119 0.772 0.826 0.854 0.905 0.979 1.067 1.096 1.132 1.174
41–50 702 0.970 0.128 0.776 0.810 0.837 0.887 0.964 1.057 1.110 1.140 1.187
51–60 2485 0.870 0.137 0.660 0.700 0.731 0.776 0.861 0.961 1.017 1.055 1.109
61–70 2348 0.806 0.137 0.592 0.636 0.663 0.709 0.800 0.892 0.948 0.986 1.047
71–80 1092 0.793 0.152 0.567 0.614 0.638 0.688 0.780 0.879 0.949 0.987 1.068
Male 21–30 58 0.981 0.128 0.727 0.817 0.855 0.905 0.979 1.071 1.108 1.142 1.199
31–40 215 0.997 0.130 0.798 0.832 0.862 0.902 0.997 1.085 1.118 1.160 1.240
41–50 414 0.987 0.120 0.795 0.831 0.861 0.908 0.986 1.063 1.112 1.132 1.187
51–60 1786 0.965 0.124 0.765 0.806 0.834 0.879 0.960 1.051 1.097 1.130 1.174
61–70 1060 0.971 0.137 0.748 0.795 0.833 0.878 0.965 1.061 1.127 1.157 1.205
71–80 472 0.959 0.152 0.712 0.769 0.802 0.853 0.946 1.060 1.120 1.174 1.228
Right Hip Female 21–30 60 0.915 0.128 0.659 0.721 0.802 0.847 0.935 0.987 1.045 1.050 1.092
31–40 254 0.919 0.118 0.724 0.778 0.801 0.851 0.917 1.004 1.043 1.072 1.111
41–50 702 0.948 0.113 0.756 0.800 0.829 0.875 0.951 1.026 1.066 1.090 1.127
51–60 2485 0.904 0.119 0.715 0.757 0.782 0.823 0.902 0.983 1.028 1.063 1.106
61–70 2348 0.835 0.122 0.640 0.680 0.708 0.751 0.832 0.916 0.958 0.992 1.045
71–80 1092 0.786 0.121 0.603 0.634 0.659 0.698 0.777 0.864 0.908 0.944 0.997
Male 21–30 58 0.976 0.129 0.772 0.806 0.835 0.883 0.973 1.082 1.119 1.136 1.150
31–40 215 0.976 0.128 0.754 0.792 0.830 0.882 0.989 1.059 1.110 1.138 1.178
41–50 414 0.978 0.110 0.802 0.844 0.869 0.901 0.971 1.060 1.093 1.120 1.156
51–60 1786 0.984 0.112 0.798 0.840 0.863 0.906 0.984 1.064 1.100 1.130 1.167
61–70 1060 0.968 0.119 0.784 0.824 0.843 0.885 0.971 1.045 1.093 1.130 1.171
71–80 472 0.942 0.130 0.744 0.774 0.800 0.846 0.937 1.043 1.081 1.108 1.150
Left Hip Female 21-30 60 0.913 0.128 0.690 0.720 0.790 0.828 0.930 0.994 1.028 1.042 1.096
31-40 254 0.917 0.116 0.715 0.780 0.809 0.838 0.916 0.986 1.044 1.063 1.098
41-50 702 0.945 0.113 0.754 0.797 0.835 0.873 0.948 1.024 1.065 1.098 1.130
51-60 2485 0.900 0.120 0.711 0.752 0.775 0.815 0.895 0.980 1.026 1.060 1.110
61-70 2348 0.834 0.121 0.645 0.683 0.710 0.749 0.829 0.910 0.958 0.994 1.049
71-80 1092 0.784 0.125 0.595 0.631 0.653 0.688 0.778 0.866 0.916 0.954 1.002
Male 21-30 58 0.966 0.129 0.764 0.797 0.830 0.882 0.964 1.047 1.107 1.130 1.181
31-40 215 0.978 0.129 0.748 0.791 0.825 0.894 0.988 1.065 1.109 1.144 1.188
41-50 414 0.980 0.114 0.785 0.836 0.863 0.905 0.983 1.063 1.096 1.119 1.163
51-60 1786 0.981 0.113 0.796 0.840 0.866 0.904 0.983 1.058 1.098 1.129 1.170
61-70 1060 0.964 0.120 0.766 0.815 0.838 0.883 0.960 1.044 1.096 1.127 1.170
71-80 472 0.935 0.127 0.739 0.769 0.801 0.843 0.930 1.033 1.077 1.104 1.141