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. 2026 Mar 4;17:1748490. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1748490

Table 3.

Comparison of age- and sex-specific lumbar spine, right hip, and left hip BMD values between the present study and National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) reference data.

Sex Present study NHANES (reference values) Difference (%) p - value
Male Age category Sample Size Mean (SD) g/cm2 Mean (SD) g/cm2 Lumbar spine Lumbar spine
21-30 58 0.981 (0.128) 1.057 (0.110) -0.076 (-7.19) < 0.05
31-40 215 0.997 (0.130) 1.042 (0.117) -0.045 (-4.31) < 0.05
41-50 414 0.987 (0.120) 1.051 (0.129) -0.064 (-6.08) < 0.05
51-60 1786 0.965 (0.124) 1.053 (0.143) -0.088 (-8.35) < 0.05
61-70 1060 0.971 (0.137) 1.070 (0.142) -0.099 (-9.25) < 0.05
71-80 472 0.959 (0.152) 1.068 (0.177) -0.109 (-10.20) < 0.05
Female 21-30 60 0.974 (0.130) 1.064 (0.106) -0.090 (-8.45) < 0.05
31-40 254 0.980 (0.119) 1.065 (0.110) -0.085 (-7.98) < 0.05
41-50 702 0.970 (0.128) 1.056 (0.134) -0.086 (-8.14) < 0.05
51-60 2485 0.870 (0.137) 0.993 (0.141) -0.123 (-12.38) < 0.05
61-70 2348 0.806 (0.137) 0.952 (0.142) -0.146 (-15.33) < 0.05
71-80 1092 0.793 (0.152) 0.902 (0.167) -0.109 (-12.08) < 0.05
Age category Sample size Mean (SD) g/cm2 Mean (SD) g/cm2 Difference (%) p - value
Right hip Left Hip Right hip Left hip Right hip Left hip
Male 21-30 58 0.976 (0.129) 0.966 (0.129) 1.067 (0.120) -0.091 (-8.52) -0.101 (-9.46) < 0.05 < 0.05
31-40 215 0.976 (0.128) 0.978 (0.129) 1.029 (0.134) -0.053 (-5.15) -0.051 (-4.95) < 0.05 < 0.05
41-50 414 0.978 (0.110) 0.980 (0.114) 1.040 (0.130) -0.062 (-5.96) -0.060 (-5.76) < 0.05 < 0.05
51-60 1786 0.984 (0.112) 0.981 (0.113) 1.015 (0.142) -0.031 (-3.05) -0.034 (-3.34) < 0.05 < 0.05
61-70 1060 0.968 (0.119) 0.964 (0.120) 0.997 (0.137) -0.029 (-2.90) -0.033 (-3.30) < 0.05 < 0.05
71-80 472 0.942 (0.130) 0.935 (0.127) 0.961 (0.143) -0.019 (-1.97) -0.026 (-2.70) < 0.05 < 0.05
Female 21-30 60 0.915 (0.128) 0.913 (0.128) 0.971 (0.114) -0.056 (-5.76) -0.058 (-5.97) < 0.05 < 0.05
31-40 254 0.919 (0.118) 0.917 (0.116) 0.955 (0.125) -0.036 (-3.76) -0.038 (-3.97) < 0.05 < 0.05
41-50 702 0.948 (0.113) 0.945 (0.113) 0.944 (0.131) +0.004 (0.42) +0.001 (0.10) > 0.05 > 0.05
51-60 2485 0.904 (0.119) 0.900 (0.120) 0.893 (0.133) +0.011 (1.23) +0.007 (0.783) > 0.05 > 0.05
61-70 2348 0.835 (0.122) 0.834 (0.121) 0.852 (0.120) -0.017 (-1.99) -0.018 (-2.11) < 0.05 < 0.05
71-80 1092 0.786 (0.121) 0.784 (0.125) 0.802 (0.139) -0.016 (-1.99) -0.018 (-2.24) < 0.05 < 0.05