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. 2026 Feb 7;29(3):114950. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114950

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Differentially expressed IFN-associated genes and cell-type-specific enrichment analysis

(A) Linear regression models and meta-analysis identified 331 differentially expressed IFN-associated genes between patients with SD and healthy controls (HCs). In the depicted volcano plot, meta-analytic effect sizes on the x axis, whereas −log10-transformed p values are shown on the y axis. Red markers signify the 331 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while black markers depict genes that are not significantly differentially expressed. A dashed line delineates the significance boundary (p < 0.05).

(B) Cell type-specific expression analysis (CSEA) was performed to determine the cell types in which these IFN-associated DEGs were specifically enriched. The y axis represents cell types from blood and minor salivary gland (MSG) tissue. Statistical analysis: Linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and batch effects, followed by fixed-effects meta-analysis (metafor package). Multiple testing correction: Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Total N = 124 samples (71 patients with SD, 53 HCs) across three datasets (GSE40611, GSE84844, GSE23117). Red: FDR < 0.05; Black: FDR ≥ 0.05.