Table 1. Descriptive characteristics by telehealth modality (video, audio only, and none) among US adultsa.
| Characteristics | Video | Audio only | No telehealth |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n (%) | 1641 (27.2) | 876 (12.1) | 3529 (60.7) |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 52.84 (16.46) | 58.57 (17.55) | 56.26 (17.58) |
| Female, n (%) | 1071 (65.3) | 566 (64.6) | 2012 (57) |
| High school graduation, n (%) | 1499 (96.7) | 762 (92.1) | 3120 (92.5) |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Asian | 51 (3.1) | 29 (3.3) | 116 (3.3) |
| Black | 241 (14.7) | 135 (15.4) | 551 (15.6) |
| Hispanic | 262 (16) | 177 (20.2) | 542 (15.4) |
| White | 1155 (76.5) | 566 (71.7) | 2353 (72.6) |
| Other | 169 (10.3) | 119 (13.6) | 422 (12) |
| Metropolitan status, n (%) | |||
| Large central metro | 684 (41.7) | 355 (40.5) | 1220 (34.6) |
| Large fringe metro (suburban) | 393 (23.9) | 176 (20.1) | 769 (21.8) |
| Medium or small metro | 401 (24.4) | 250 (28.5) | 1016 (28.8) |
| Micropolitan | 96 (5.9) | 55 (6.3) | 307 (8.7) |
| Noncore (rural) | 66 (4) | 40 (4.6) | 216 (6.1) |
| Income group (US $, n (%) | |||
|
Low ($20,000) |
213 (14.4) | 155 (20) | 555 (17.5) |
| Middle (20,000-75,000) | 557 (37.6) | 351 (45.2) | 1457 (45.9) |
| High (≥75,000) | 788 (48) | 270 (34.8) | 1292 (36.6) |
| Employed, n (%) | 912 (55.6) | 349 (41.9) | 1807 (51.2) |
| Cancer history, n (%) | 258 (15.7) | 134 (15.3) | 487 (13.8) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 731 (44.5) | 452 (51.6) | 1477 (41.9) |
| Disabled, n (%) | 172 (11) | 96 (11.5) | 211 (6.3) |
| PROMISb Isolation T-score, mean (SD) | 47.11 (9.97) | 46.36 (9.46) | 45.40 (9.30) |
| PROMIS Meaning T-score, mean (SD) | 54.16 (10.29) | 55.10 (9.75) | 55.61 (10.08) |
| Health Insurance, n (%) | 1559 (95.1) | 813 (92.8) | 3165 (89.7) |
| Health numeracy, n (%) | |||
|
Easy or very easy |
1241 (75.6) | 624 (71.2) | 2495 (70.7) |
| Hard or very hard | 369 (22.5) | 231 (26.4) | 951 (26.9) |
| Use of health or wellness apps, n (%) | |||
|
Used app |
1103 (67.2) | 414 (47.3) | 1441 (40.8) |
| Did not use or no apps or no smart device | 498 (30.3) | 385 (43.9) | 1871 (53) |
| Sought health information online, n (%) | |||
|
No |
128 (7.8) | 95 (10.8) | 506 (14.3) |
| Yes | 1367 (83.3) | 586 (66.9) | 2294 (65) |
| Not internet user | 120 (7.3) | 153 (17.5) | 586 (16.6) |
| Satisfaction with home internet for health needs, n (%) | |||
|
Satisfied (extremely or very) |
1075 (65.5) | 439 (50.1) | 1789 (50.7) |
| Somewhat | 354 (21.6) | 194 (22.1) | 799 (22.6) |
| Not satisfied or nonuser | 185 (11.3) | 207 (23.6) | 802 (22.7) |
| Device ownership, n (%) | |||
|
Any smart device (tablet or smartphone or multiple) |
1582 (96.4) | 750 (85.6) | 3091 (87.6) |
| No smart device (basic cell only or none) | 54 (3.3) | 120 (13.7) | 417 (11.8) |
| Census division, n (%) | |||
| New England | 80 (4.9) | 39 (4.5) | 108 (3.1) |
| Middle Atlantic | 192 (11.7) | 83 (9.5) | 399 (11.3) |
| East North Central | 170 (10.4) | 98 (11.2) | 481 (13.6) |
| West North Central | 51 (3.1) | 17 (1.9) | 210 (6) |
| South Atlantic | 444 (27.1) | 204 (23.3) | 878 (24.9) |
| East South Central | 51 (3.1) | 39 (4.5) | 202 (5.7) |
| West South Central | 232 (14.1) | 117 (13.4) | 567 (16.1) |
| Mountain | 126 (7.7) | 58 (6.6) | 255 (7.2) |
| Pacific | 295 (18) | 221 (25.2) | 429 (12.2) |
a
n is unweighted and percentage is survey-weighted.
b
PROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.