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. 2026 Feb 13;18:142. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-01596-x

Table 2.

Item difficulty, standard error, fit and point-measure correlation

Entry Number Item Difficulty Model Standard Error Infit Outfit PT- measure
MNSQ ZSTD MNSQ ZSTD
1 1.67 0.23 1.32 3.8 1.62 3.8 0.05
13 1.66 0.22 1.15 1.9 1.4 3.1 0.24
26 1.64 0.21 1.09 1.2 1.37 2.9 0.29
16 1.54 0.21 1.2 3.6 1.31 3.4 0.22
27 1.54 0.2 1.08 1.5 1.17 1.9 0.32
5 1.54 0.2 1.06 1.1 1.16 1.9 0.34
6 1.55 0.19 1.06 1.1 1.15 1.6 0.33
3 1.64 0.19 0.98 − 0.2 1.09 0.8 0.4
11 1.58 0.18 1.02 0.3 1.05 0.5 0.39
17 1.65 0.18 1.04 0.6 0.99 0 0.38
21 1.56 0.18 1.04 0.7 0.99 0 0.37
9 1.62 0.17 1.02 0.3 1 0 0.36
2 1.97 0.17 1 0.1 0.92 − 0.3 0.31
15 1.6 0.16 0.96 − 0.5 0.99 − 0.1 0.43
20 1.54 0.17 0.99 − 0.2 0.96 − 0.4 0.41
23 1.63 0.16 0.91 -1.3 0.99 − 0.1 0.43
8 1.54 0.15 0.97 − 0.5 0.94 − 0.7 0.43
24 1.63 0.15 0.95 − 0.9 0.91 -1 0.45
19 1.75 0.15 0.92 -1 0.94 − 0.3 0.41
10 1.63 0.14 0.94 − 0.8 0.9 − 0.8 0.42
12 1.54 0.13 0.93 -1.4 0.88 -1.5 0.47
18 1.65 0.12 0.91 − 0.7 0.72 -1.2 0.39
22 1.69 0.12 0.9 -1.3 0.8 -1.5 0.45
4 1.9 0.13 0.9 − 0.9 0.84 − 0.7 0.4
14 1.54 0.13 0.87 -2 0.83 -2.1 0.52
25 1.68 0.14 0.87 -1.8 0.79 -1.6 0.48
7 1.8 0.15 0.85 -1.7 0.73 -1.7 0.47
28 1.9 0.15 0.83 -1.6 0.71 -1.5 0.46
Mean 1.66 0.16 0.99 0 1.01 0.2
SD 0.14 0.03 0.11 1.5 0.21 1.6

MNSQ (mean square residual)

ZSTD (standardised mean square residual)

SD (standard deviation)