Table 8.

Systematic analysis of research limitations and improvement recommendations.

Limitation category	Specific manifestation	Potential impact	Recommendations for improvement	Priority
Representativeness of Samples	Geographical distribution is uneven	Limitations on external validity	Increase research in developing countries; multi-centre collaboration	High
Time dimension	Lack of long-term follow-up	Persistent effects unclear	Longitudinal study design; cohort follow-up	High
Technical characteristics	Insufficient coding standardisation	Moderation effect bias	Unified technology assessment framework	Medium
Individual variation	Limited exploration of learner characteristics	Insufficient personalised guidance	Multi-level modelling; individual trajectory analysis	Medium
Implementation context	Inadequate control of environmental factors	Ecological validity issues	Natural experiment design; implementation of scientific methods	Low