Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study patients (n=3977).
| No preoperative COVID-19 (n=766) |
Preoperative COVID-19 (n=3211) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), n (%) | <0.001* | ||
| <65 | 423 (55.2) | 2235 (69.6) | |
| ≥65 | 343 (44.8) | 976 (30.4) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25.3 (22.9, 27.7) | 24.9 (22.7, 27.3) | 0.010* |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.173† | ||
| Male | 362 (47.2) | 1425 (44.4) | |
| Female | 404 (52.8) | 1786 (55.6) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 143 (18.7) | 502 (15.6) | 0.046† |
| Hypertension | 334 (43.6) | 1174 (36.6) | <0.001† |
| Coronary artery disease | 56 (7.3) | 239 (8.3) | 0.423† |
| Stroke | 21 (2.7) | 48 (1.5) | 0.026† |
| Severe liver disease | 4 (0.5) | 20 (0.6) | 0.949† |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (0.4) | 15 (0.5) | 1.000† |
| Smoke, n (%) | 0.002† | ||
| Never smoked | 582 (76.0) | 2623 (81.7) | |
| Formerly smoked | 92 (12.0) | 299 (9.3) | |
| Currently smoke | 92 (12.0) | 289 (9.0) | |
| Vaccination against COVID-19, n (%) | <0.001† | ||
| 0 | 94 (12.3) | 306 (9.5) | |
| 1–2 | 97 (12.7) | 443 (13.9) | |
| ≥3 | 575 (75.1) | 2459 (76.6) | |
| ASA, n (%) | 0.035† | ||
| I | 107 (14.0) | 438 (13.7) | |
| II | 578 (75.9) | 2317 (72.4) | |
| III | 75 (9.8) | 422 (13.2) | |
| IV | 2 (0.3) | 23 (0.7) | |
| Type of anaesthesia, n (%) | <0.001† | ||
| Regional anaesthesia | 124 (16.2) | 275 (8.6) | |
| General anaesthesia | 642 (83.8) | 2935 (91.4) | |
| Duration of surgery (hour), median (IQR) | 121.0 (89.0, 181.8) | 120.0 (80.0, 179.0) | 0.007* |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | <0.001† | ||
| Gynaecological surgery | 61 (8.0) | 393 (12.2) | |
| Orthopaedic surgery | 492 (64.2) | 1317 (41.0) | |
| Urological surgery | 47 (6.1) | 454 (14.1) | |
| General surgery | 65 (8.5) | 424 (13.2) | |
| Neurosurgery | 34 (4.4) | 211 (6.6) | |
| Cardiothoracic surgery | 67 (8.7) | 344 (10.7) | |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
*
Mann-Whitney U test.
†χ
2 test.
ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; BMI, body mass index.