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. 2026 Mar 10;17:1758831. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1758831

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Copyright © 2026 Zhang, Lu, Yang, Shi, Zhao, He, Lu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart illustrating the selection process for a systematic review, showing identification of 2,056 records from seven databases, removal of duplicates to 1,159 records, successive exclusions, and final inclusion of 23 studies. — Flow chart of selection for included studies.