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. 2026 Mar 10;17:1758831. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1758831

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Copyright © 2026 Zhang, Lu, Yang, Shi, Zhao, He, Lu and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot displaying three studies comparing mean values between experimental and control groups, reporting mean differences, confidence intervals, and study weights. Combined effect models show a pooled mean difference around negative zero point one with minimal heterogeneity. — Effects of intranasal natural products on lung index.