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. 2026 Feb 26;16:9606. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-32737-w

Table 2.

Performance for the field-of-view-level classification models with the internal (1st cohort) and external (2nd cohort) testing sets.

Architecture Precision Sensitivity F1-score AUC
Internal test
ConvNeXtTiny 0.79 ± 0.01 0.80 ± 0.01 0.80 ± 0.01 0.91 ± 0.01
ResNet50 0.82 ± 0.01 0.77 ± 0.01 0.79 ± 0.01 0.90 ± 0.01
DenseNet121 0.83 ± 0.02 0.74 ± 0.03 0.77 ± 0.02 0.89 ± 0.01
UNI2-h 0.75 ± 0.02 0.70 ± 0.02 0.72 ± 0.01 0.84 ± 0.01
External test
ConvNeXtTiny 0.78 ± 0.01 0.69 ± 0.01 0.73 ± 0.01 0.83 ± 0.01
ResNet50 0.80 ± 0.01 0.64 ± 0.01 0.68 ± 0.01 0.79 ± 0.01
DenseNet121 0.81 ± 0.04 0.64 ± 0.02 0.68 ± 0.01 0.82 ± 0.01
UNI2-h 0.81 ± 0.01 0.51 ± 0.02 0.62 ± 0.01 0.75 ± 0.01