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. 2026 Mar 19;12:e71455. doi: 10.2196/71455

Table 3. Results of User Experience Questionnaire-Short version.

Negativea (1) HFSb (n=85), mean (SD) VRc (n=79), mean (SD) P value Positivea (7)
Obstructive 5.97 (0.96) 5.62 (1.09) .03 Supportive
Complicated 5.45 (1.13) 5.05 (1.27) .04 Easy
Inefficient 5.83 (1.00) 5.42 (1.24) .02 Efficient
Confusing 5.71 (1.31) 5.00 (1.42) .001 Clear
Boring 6.00 (1.23) 5.96 (1.18) .84 Exciting
Not interesting 5.99 (1.23) 5.99 (1.20) .99 Interesting
Conventional 5.33 (1.18) 5.69 (1.30) .06 Inventive
Usual 5.31 (1.17) 5.67 (1.41) .08 Leading edge
a

Rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly negative) to 7 (strongly positive).

b

HFS: high-fidelity simulation.

c

VR: virtual reality.