| ACE | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme |
| ARB | Angiotensin Receptor Blocker |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FY | Fiscal Year |
| STROBE | Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology |
| NDB | National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan |
| NSAIDs | Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
| PCC | Preconception Care |
| PMDA | Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency |
| WHO | World Health Organization |