ACE2	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
AgNPs	Silver nanoparticles
Ala	Alanine
ART	Antiretroviral therapy
AP-1	Activator protein 1
BMP6	Bone morphogenetic protein 6
CCL4	CC motif ligand 4
CD4	Cluster of differentiation 4
cGAS	Cyclic GMP–AMP synthase
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
CREBH	Cyclic AMP responsive element-binding protein H
Ctr1 transporter	Copper transporter 1
Cu-Zn SOD	Copper–zinc superoxide dismutase
CVB3	Coxsackievirus B3
CXCL1	CXC motif Ligand 1
DAAs	Direct-acting antivirals
DCs	Dendritic cells
DMT1	Divalent metal transporter 1
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DsDNA	Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid
ELISA	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FDX1	Ferredoxin 1
Fe-S	Iron-sulphur
FPN1	Ferroportin 1
FTN	Ferritin
GMP-AMP	Guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate
GPXs	Glutathione peroxidases
GSH	Glutathione
gp120	Glycoprotein 120
H1N1	Hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1
HAV	Hepatitis A Virus
Hb	Haemoglobin
HBC	Hepatitis C virus
HBV	Hepatitis B virus
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HCMV	Human cytomegalovirus
HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
HSV	Herpes simplex virus
IAV	Influenza A
IFNs	Interferons
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-2	Interleukin-2
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-8	Interleukin-8
K	Potassium
LFA-1/ICAM-1	Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1/Intercellular adhesion molecule 1
LOX	Lysyl oxidase
MnSOD	Manganese superoxide dismutase
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NK	Natural killer
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
NTBI	Non-transferrin-bound iron
p24	Protein 24
PLpro	Papain-like protease
RDA	Recommended dietary allowance
RdRp	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RNS	Nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SeNPs	Selenium nanoparticles
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SODs	Superoxide dismutases
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid
TfR1	Transferrin receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TXNRDs	Thioredoxin reductases
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1