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. 2026 Feb 13;26:383. doi: 10.1186/s12885-026-15721-z

Table 2.

Spectrum and functional classification of germline BRCA1/2 variants according to gene and pathogenicity

Variant category BRCA1
Pathogenic
(n = 47)
BRCA2
Pathogenic
(n = 60)
BRCA1
VUS
(n = 32)
BRCA2
VUS
(n = 64)
p value†
Functional class < 0.001
 Truncating (LoF) 33 (70.2%) 51(85%) 0 (0%) 4 (6.3%)
 Non-truncating coding 10 (21%) 6 (10%) 25(78.1%) 54 (84.4%)
 Non-coding / other 1 (2.1%) 0 (0%) 7 (21.9%) 6 (9.4%)

Biological Effect

of Mutation

< 0.001
 Frameshift 14 (29.7%) 35 (58.3%) 0 (0%) 3 (4.7%)
 Nonsense 8 (17%) 12 (20%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.6%)
 Missense 10 (21.2%) 5(8.3%) 22 (68.8%) 47 (73.4%)
 Splice-site 3 (6.3%) 3(5%) 0(0%) 0 (0%)
 Indel 7(14.8%) 2 (3.3%) 2 (6.3%) 4 (6.3%)
 Other / intronic 1 (2.1%) 0 (0%) 8(25%) 9 (14.1%)

p values were calculated using the chi-square test of independence for the overall distribution across the four groups. Data are presented as number (%). Truncating variants include frameshift, nonsense, canonical splice-site alterations, and large genomic rearrangements. Percentages are calculated within each column. Bold values indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05)