Table 2.

Serum neurotrophins, VEGF, ACTH, and cortisol levels of children with ADHD and unaffected comparison subjects (Mann-Whitney U Test).

Variables	ADHD (n = 80)	Controls (n = 81)	z	p
BDNF (pg/ml)	69.18±32.6	56.51±24.39	2.590	0.010
GDNF (pg/ml)	67.11±27.57	54.86±26.12	3.727	<0.001
NT-3 (pg/ml)	994.41±385.41	988.90±449.21	0.884	0.377
VEGF (pg/ml)	568.73±330.83	517.81±442.93	3.183	0.001
ACTH (pg/ml)	23.11±12.85	16.93±9.79	3.469	0.001
Cortisol (pg/ml)	11.56±5.35	9.63±4.79	2.521	0.012

BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-3, Neurotrophin-3; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone.