Table 3.
Comparison of serum neurotrophins, VEGF, ACTH, and cortisol levels levels of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and unaffected comparison subjects according to ANCOVA.
| Variables | ADHD (n = 80) | Controls (n = 81) | ANCOVA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | P | ηp² | |||
| Log-BDNF(pg/ml) | 1.80±0.19 | 1.72±0.15 | 6.642 | 0.012 | 0.040 |
| Log-GDNF (pg/ml) | 1.79±0.17 | 1.70±0.17 | 11.576 | 0.001 | 0.069 |
| Log-NT-3 (pg/ml) | 2.97±0.15 | 2.96±0.15 | 0.130 | 0.719 | 0.001 |
| Log-VEGF (pg/ml) | 2.69±0.22 | 2.61±0.28 | 4.477 | 0.036 | 0.028 |
| Log-ACTH (pg/ml) | 1.30±0.25 | 1.16±0.25 | 11.449 | 0.001 | 0.068 |
| Log-cortisol (pg/ml) | 1.01±0.21 | 0.93±0.21 | 5.053 | 0.026 | 0.031 |
BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; GDNF, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-3, Neurotrophin-3; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone.