Table 3.
Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses with excessive fatigue as the dependent variable among 741 Norwegian nurses participating in the survey of shift work, sleep and health, wave 14 (2023).
| Variables | Crude | Adjusted |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI)a | OR (95% CI)b | |
| Adverse childhood experiences1 | ||
| Number of adverse childhood experiences (n = 736–741) | ||
| 0 (n = 175–176) | ||
| 1–2 (n = 402–405) | 1.05 (0.73–1.52) | 1.11 (0.77–1.61) |
| 3–4 (n = 159–160) | 2.03 (1.31–3.15) | 2.24 (1.44–3.49) |
| Dysfunctional family environment (n = 736–741) | ||
| No (n = 200–201) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Moderate (n = 399–402) | 1.10 (0.78–1.56) | 1.15 (0.81–1.64) |
| High (n = 137–138) | 2.03 (1.30–3.15) | 2.14 (1.37–3.35) |
| Trusted adult (n = 736–741) | ||
| High (n = 585–588) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Moderate (n = 124–125) | 1.40 (0.95–2.06) | 1.51 (1.02–2.25) |
| No (n = 27–28) | 3.41 (1.52–7.66) | 4.68 (1.97–11.11) |
| Struggle with bad memories (n = 736–741) | ||
| No (n = 453–457) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Moderate (n = 220–221) | 0.94 (0.68–1.31) | 0.96 (0.69–1.34) |
| High (n = 63) | 4.78 (2.63–8.69) | 4.94 (2.70–9.03) |
| Perceived childhood as difficult (n = 736–741) | ||
| No (n = 597–600) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Moderate (n = 88–89) | 1.67 (1.06–2.60) | 1.76 (1.12–2.77) |
| Difficult (n = 51–52) | 3.83 (2.08–7.06) | 4.53 (2.40–8.57) |
| Personality | ||
| Big Five traits2 | ||
| Extroversion (n = 609–614) | 0.96 (0.91–1.00) | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) |
| Average (n = 254–256) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Low (n = 161–162) | 0.92 (0.62–1.37) | 0.92 (0.62–1.38) |
| High (n = 194–196) | 0.59 (0.40–0.86) | 0.59 (0.40–0.87) |
| Agreeableness (n = 609–614) | 1.00 (0.94–1.07) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) |
| Average (n = 241–244) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Low (n = 162) | 1.41 (0.94–2.13) | 1.45 (0.96–2.20) |
| High (n = 206–208) | 1.67 (1.14–2.43) | 1.62 (1.10–2.39) |
| Conscientiousness (n = 609–614) | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) |
| Average (n = 178–180) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Low (n = 171–172) | 1.95 (1.27–3.00) | 2.02 (1.30–3.12) |
| High (n = 260–262) | 1.26 (0.85–1.88) | 1.25 (0.84–1.88) |
| Neuroticism (n = 609–614) | 1.23 (1.16–1.29) | 1.22 (1.16–1.29) |
| Average (n = 241–242) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Low (n = 207–209) | 0.42 (0.28–0.64) | 0.44 (0.29–0.66) |
| Low (n = 209) | 0.42 (0.28–0.64) | |
| High (n = 161–163) | 2.37 (1.58–3.57) | 2.37 (1.56–3.59) |
| Intellect/Imagination (n = 609–614) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
| Average (n = 207–209) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Low (n = 195) | 0.86 (0.57–1.28) | 0.83 (0.55–1.25) |
| High (n = 207–210) | 1.09 (0.74–1.61) | 1.20 (0.81–1.78) |
| Circadian Preferences3 (n = 736–741) | 0.91 (0.88–0.95) | 0.91 (0.87–0.96) |
| MEQr3 3 categories (n = 736–741) | ||
| Intermediate types (n = 433–434) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Morning types (n = 187–189) | 0.63 (0.44–0.91) | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) |
| Evening types (n = 116–118) | 1.55 (1.03–2.33) | 1.55 (1.02–2.34) |
| Flexibility4 sum score (n = 665–670) | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) |
| >75th percentile (n = 135–137) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Within 25th percentile (n = 166–169) | 1.34 (0.85–2.11) | 1.27 (0.80–2.02) |
| >25th – 50th percentile (n = 186) | 0.74 (0.47–1.17) | 0.70 (0.44–1.12) |
| >50th – 75th percentile (n = 178) | 0.64 (0.40–1.01) | 0.61 (0.38–0.97) |
| Languidity4 sum score (n = 668–672) | 1.18 (1.12–1.23) | 1.17 (1.12–1.23) |
| Within 25th percentile (n = 176) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| >25th – 50th percentile (n = 176–179) | 1.32 (0.83–2.09) | 1.34 (0.84–2.12) |
| >50th – 75th percentile (n = 201–202) | 2.56 (1.66–3.96) | 2.46 (1.58–3.83) |
| >75th percentile (n = 115) | 5.10 (3.07–8.48) | 5.01 (2.98–8.39) |
| Workaholism5 (n = 680–684) | ||
| Workaholism sum score | 1.10 (1.06–1.13) | 1.09 (1.06–1.13) |
| No workaholism (n = 653–657) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes workaholism (n = 27) | 2.75 (1.24–6.10) | 2.70 (1.21–6.04) |
Separate crude logistic regression analyses for each independent variable.
Separate logistic regression analyses for each independent variable adjusted for sex, age, and marital status and children at home at baseline.
Adverse childhood experiences measured (2023) using four questions used in the HUNT study, performed in Norway (Haugland et al., 2021).
Big Five personality traits assessed in 2022 using the Mini-International Personality Item Pool, range 4–20.
Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire-reduced scale measured in 2023. Higher sum scores refer to higher morningness, range 4–25. Categorized into three categories: morning-type (score = 18–25), neither-type (score = 12–17) and evening-type (score = 4–11).
The revised Circadian Type Inventory measured in 2016 with 11-items about daily sleep/work habits and preferences. Higher scores indicate possessing the trait to a higher degree, range 5–25 for flexibility and 6–30 for languidity. Participants were categorized into four sub-groups using quartile scores on the respective scales.
Workaholism was measured in 2017 with the Bergen Work Addiction Scale, a 7-item scale, range 7–35. Workaholism = scoring “often” or “always” on ≥4 items.
Excessive fatigue measured in 2023 with Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, dichotomized summed score ≥4 considered excessive fatigue. Values in bold are statistically significant p < 0.05.