Table 2.
Cardiometabolic Parameters at Age of Last Follow-Up
| Age-Adjusted Mean ± SE (or %) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined | Males | Females | ||||||||
| Parameter | FASD | Control |
P value |
FASD | Control |
P value* |
FASD | Control |
P value* |
Sex x Group Interaction P value |
| N | 208 | 824 | 103 | 406 | 105 | 418 | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 29.2±0.6 | 27.8±0.3 | 0.03 | 27.2±0.8 | 28.5±0.5 | 0.15 | 31.1±0.8 | 27.2±0.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Weight Category* | 0.02 | 0.007 | 0.002 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Underweight | 3.2%±1.3 | 1.7%±0.6 | 5.5%±2.4 | 0.4%±0.4 | 1.1%±1.1 | 2.9%±1.0 | ||||
| Normal | 30.7%±3.4 | 35.3%±2.1 | 34.0%±5.0 | 23.1%±2.7 | 27.6%±4.7 | 45.6%±3.0 | ||||
| Overweight | 27.2%±3.3 | 35.4%±2.1 | 29.4%±4.9 | 46.7%±3.2 | 25.1%±4.5 | 25.8%±2.6 | ||||
| Obese | 38.9%±3.7 | 27.8%±2.0 | 31.1%±5.0 | 29.7%±3.0 | 45.3%±5.2 | 25.7%±2.6 | ||||
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) † | 49.9±1.5 | 55.0±0.7 | 0.003 | 44.5±2.0 | 48.8±1.0 | 54.9±2.0 | 61.5±1.0 | 0.46 | ||
| HDL cholesterol (< 40 mg/d) † | 30.5%±4.1 | 16.9%±1.6 | <0.001 | 48.9%±6.4 | 24.7%±2.6 | 13.6%±4.2 | 8.9%±1.7 | 0.24 | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) ‡ | 146.0±7.6 | 121.4±3.9 | 0.004 | 153.2±11.2 | 135.3±5.4 | 140.2±10.2 | 106.7±5.5 | 0.36 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 36.9%±3.7 | 23.3%±1.6 | <0.001 | 36.2%±5.2 | 27.8%±2.4 | 37.8%±5.2 | 19.1%±2.0 | 0.13 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 12.3%±0.02 | 3.3%±0.6 | <0.001 | 13.7%±3.5 | 4.0%±0.9 | 11.1%±3.1 | 2.7%±0.7 | 0.76 | ||
| Multiple cardiometabolic abnormalities ∥ # | 36.0%±4.4 | 19.1%±2.0 | <0.001 | 52.7%±6.6 | 27.1%±3.3 | 21.3%±5.1 | 11.5%±2.2 | 0.46 | ||
Reduced sample size due to missing data. n=89 (FASD male); 239 (CTRL male); 92 (FASD female); 280 (CTRL female).
Reduced sample size due to missing data. n=62 (FASD male); 275 (CTRL male); 67 (FASD female); 267 (CTRL female).
Reduced sample size due to missing data. n=58 (FASD male); 251 (CTRL male); 70 (FASD female); 236 (CTRL female).
Reduced sample size due to missing data. n=59 (FASD male); 190 (CTRL male); 67 (FASD female); 200 (CTRL female).
Includes 3 factors: overweight/obese; HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL; type 2 diabetes mellitus
P-values within sex strata are reported for measures with a significant Sex x Group interaction. FASD=Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; HDL=high-density lipoprotein.