Table 3.

Congenital Heart Defects

	Combined			Males		Females
Defect	FASD	Control	P value	FASD	Control	FASD	Control	Sex x Group Interaction P value
N	208	824		103	406	105	418
Any CHD diagnosis	13 (6.3%)	10 (1.2%)	<0.001	7 (6.8%)	4 (1.0%)	6 (5.7%)	6 (1.4%)	0.51
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)	3 (1.4%)	4 (0.5%)	0.15	2 (1.9%)	1 (0.3%)	1 (1.0%)	3 (0.7%)
Atrial septal defect (ASD)	4 (1.9%)	4 (0.5%)	0.06	1 (1.0%)	1 (0.3%)	3 (2.9%)	3 (0.7%)
Bicuspid aortic valve	1 (0.5%)	4 (0.5%)	1.00	1 (1.0%)	1 (0.3%)	0	3 (0.7%)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)	2 (1.0%)	1 (0.1%)	0.11	1 (1.0%)	1 (0.3%)	1 (1.0%)	0
Coarctation of the aorta	0 (0%)	2 (0.2%)	1.00	0	2 (0.5%)	0	0
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)	2 (1.0%)	0 (0%)	0.04	1 (1.0%)	0	1 (1.0%)	0
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	0.20	0	0	1 (1.0%)	0
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)	1 (0.5%)	0 (0%)	0.20	1 (1.0%)	0	0	0
Aortic stenosis	0 (0%)	2 (0.2%)	1.00	0	1 (0.3%)	0	1 (0.2%)
Other diagnosis
Heart Murmur	11 (5.3%)	22 (2.7%)	0.07	4 (3.9%)	9 (2.2%)	7 (6.7%)	13 (3.1%)	0.78

FASD=Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; CHD=congenital heart defect.