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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 26.
Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Sep 14;16(5):675–687. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2022.06.006

Table 1.

Training cohort characteristics

Characteristic Overall, N = 9,543 Training, N = 7,631 Internal validation, N = 956 Internal testing, N = 956 p-value

Age 65 (56, 73) 64 (56, 73) 66 (57, 75) 65 (57, 73) 0.001
Sex male 5,023 (53%) 4,014 (53%) 504 (53%) 505 (53%) >0.9
BMI 29 (26, 34) 29 (26, 34) 30 (26, 34) 29 (25, 34) 0.8
Hypercholesterolemia 5,253 (56%) 4,149 (55%) 557 (59%) 547 (58%) 0.013
Smoking 1,376 (15%) 148 (16%) 1,076 (14%) 152 (16%) 0.2
Hypertension 6,146 (65%) 4,878 (65%) 638 (68%) 630 (67%) 0.07
Diabetes 2,519 (27%) 1,991 (26%) 265 (28%) 263 (28%) 0.4
Post - PCI 972 (10%) 760 (10%) 97 (10%) 115 (12%) 0.13
Post - CABG 396 (4.4%) 316 (4.4%) 41 (4.6%) 39 (4.3%) >0.9
History of CAD 1,240 (13%) 977 (13%) 119 (13%) 144 (15%) 0.13
CAC score 54 (0, 481) 43 (0, 503) 99 (1, 398) 100 (1, 398) <0.001
CAC score category <0.001
 CAC = 0 3,214 (34%) 2,736 (36%) 239 (25%) 239 (25%)
 CAC 1–100 2,112 (22%) 1,634 (21%) 239 (25%) 239 (25%)
 CAC 101–400 1,588 (17%) 1,110 (15%) 239 (25%) 239 (25%)
 CAC >400 2,629 (28%) 2,151 (28%) 239 (25%) 239 (25%)
ECG-gating 1,827 (19%) 1,431 (19%) 212 (22%) 184 (19%) 0.04

Statistics presented: median (inter quartile range), n (%); Abbreviations: BMI – body mass index; CABG – coronary artery bypass grafting, CAC – coronary artery calcification; CAD – coronary artery disease; PCI -percutaneous coronary intervention