Table 3.

Cortical thickness asymmetry indices (AI) by lobe and region in ADHD (DEHB) and healthy control groups.

Brain region	AI mean ± SD (ADHD, n = 40)	AI mean ± SD (Controls, n = 30)	t(66)	p	Cohen’s d	Direction of asymmetry (HC vs. ADHD)
Global cortical thickness	+0.002 ± 0.007	+0.003 ± 0.008	0.77	0.44	0.19	ns
Frontal lobe thickness	+0.004 ± 0.010	+0.020 ± 0.012	3.30	0.001	0.80	Rightward ↓ in ADHD
Parietal lobe thickness	+0.003 ± 0.009	+0.014 ± 0.010	2.50	0.014	0.61	Rightward ↓ in ADHD
Temporal lobe thickness	+0.002 ± 0.008	+0.004 ± 0.008	0.90	0.37	0.22	ns
Occipital lobe thickness	0.000 ± 0.006	0.000 ± 0.006	0.02	0.98	0.00	Symmetric (control check)
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)	+0.002 ± 0.009	+0.016 ± 0.010	2.85	0.006	0.70	Rightward ↓ in ADHD
Inferior frontal gyrus (IFG)	+0.005 ± 0.013	+0.010 ± 0.014	1.65	0.10	0.40	Trend (Rightward ↓)
Superior parietal lobule	+0.004 ± 0.010	+0.015 ± 0.011	2.40	0.019	0.58	Rightward ↓ in ADHD
Precentral gyrus	+0.006 ± 0.011	+0.018 ± 0.013	2.95	0.004	0.72	Rightward ↓ in ADHD
Postcentral gyrus	+0.002 ± 0.009	+0.013 ± 0.010	2.60	0.011	0.64	Rightward ↓ in ADHD