Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, and admitted hospital information characteristics of patients.
| Variables | Total | GICU | CICU | MICU | Neuro ICU | SICU | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 136,236 | 74,872 | 30,010 | 11,895 | 10,629 | 8,830 | |
| Age | 65 (53, 76) | 65 (52, 76) | 66 (55, 76) | 65 (52, 76) | 63 (50, 75) | 64 (52, 75) | <0.001 |
| Gender, male | 73,611 (54) | 69,472 (54) | 17,493 (58) | 6,182 (52) | 5,481 (52) | 5,011 (57) | <0.001 |
| APACHE IV | 51 (37, 68) | 51 (37, 69) | 50 (38, 67) | 56 (41, 75) | 43 (31, 58) | 50 (37, 67) | <0.001 |
| Admission diagnosis | <0.001 | ||||||
| ACS | 8,343 (6) | 3,434 (5) | 4,289 (14) | 339 (3) | 71 (1) | 210 (2) | |
| ARF | 1932 (1) | 1,305 (2) | 273 (1) | 265 (2) | 15 (0) | 74 (1) | |
| Asthma | 3,948 (3) | 2,561 (3) | 687 (2) | 512 (4) | 65 (1) | 123 (1) | |
| CABG | 4,771 (4) | 1,324 (2) | 3,044 (10) | 1 (0) | 5 (0) | 397 (4) | |
| Cardiac arrest | 9,135 (7) | 4,833 (6) | 3,158 (11) | 731 (6) | 136 (1) | 277 (3) | |
| Chest pain unknown | 761 (1) | 407 (1) | 295 (1) | 36 (0) | 5 (0) | 18 (0) | |
| CHF | 5,592 (4) | 3,006 (4) | 1844 (6) | 491 (4) | 64 (1) | 187 (2) | |
| Coma | 2082 (2) | 1,358 (2) | 265 (1) | 233 (2) | 147 (1) | 79 (1) | |
| CVA | 9,758 (7) | 4,202 (6) | 865 (3) | 552 (5) | 3,475 (33) | 664 (8) | |
| Other CV | 3,593 (3) | 1,393 (2) | 1,607 (5) | 250 (2) | 167 (2) | 176 (2) | |
| DKA | 4,384 (3) | 3,157 (4) | 503 (2) | 562 (5) | 54 (1) | 108 (1) | |
| GI bleed | 7,277 (5) | 4,768 (6) | 885 (3) | 968 (8) | 116 (1) | 540 (6) | |
| GI obstruction | 1,232 (1) | 823 (1) | 114 (0) | 72 (1) | 15 (0) | 208 (2) | |
| Neuro | 4,640 (3) | 2028 (3) | 330 (1) | 276 (2) | 1804 (17) | 202 (2) | |
| Overdose | 4,268 (3) | 3,073 (4) | 528 (2) | 485 (4) | 97 (1) | 85 (1) | |
| PNA | 4,577 (3) | 3,180 (4) | 639 (2) | 583 (5) | 69 (1) | 106 (1) | |
| Other respiratory diseases | 7,970 (6) | 4,726 (6) | 1,266 (4) | 1,309 (11) | 229 (2) | 440 (5) | |
| Sepsis | 18,087 (13) | 12,119 (16) | 2,554 (9) | 2,436 (20) | 306 (3) | 672 (8) | |
| Trauma | 5,884 (4) | 2,972 (4) | 289 (1) | 154 (1) | 1,376 (13) | 1,093 (12) | |
| Valvular disorders | 2,795 (2) | 697 (1) | 1921 (6) | 0 (0) | 2 (0) | 175 (2) | |
| Other | 25,207 (19) | 13,506 (18) | 4,654 (16) | 1,640 (14) | 2,411 (23) | 2,996 (34) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension | 19,878 (15) | 10,837 (14) | 5,135 (17) | 1,057 (9) | 1,644 (15) | 1,205 (14) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 15,623 (11) | 9,486 (13) | 3,625 (12) | 1,151 (10) | 636 (6) | 725 (8) | <0.001 |
| CKD | 11,869 (9) | 6,508 (9) | 2,869 (10) | 1,282 (11) | 426 (4) | 784 (9) | <0.001 |
| COPD | 10,544 (8) | 6,822 (9) | 2030 (7) | 1,039 (9) | 257 (2) | 396 (4) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 11,361 (8) | 6,522 (9) | 3,202 (11) | 994 (8) | 209 (2) | 434 (5) | <0.001 |
| Cancer | 7,336 (5) | 4,080 (5) | 992 (3) | 564 (5) | 783 (7) | 917 (10) | <0.001 |
| ICU intervention | |||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 41,293 (30) | 22,150 (30) | 9,838 (33) | 4,148 (35) | 2,218 (21) | 2,939 (33) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis | 5,722 (4) | 3,251 (4) | 1,215 (4) | 775 (7) | 146 (1) | 335 (4) | <0.001 |
| Vasopressor drug usage | 16,227 (12) | 8,489 (11) | 4,581 (15) | 1,602 (13) | 502 (5) | 1,053 (12) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotics use | 32,640 (24) | 20,695 (28) | 6,173 (21) | 2,716 (23) | 1,195 (11) | 1861 (21) | <0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||||||
| Hospital death | 12,061 (8.9) | 6,650 (8.9) | 2,384 (7.9) | 1,458 (12.3) | 849 (8) | 720 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| ICU death | 7,619 (6) | 4,204 (6) | 1,601 (5) | 898 (8) | 463 (4) | 453 (5) | <0.001 |
| ICU LOS, hours | 42 (23, 76) | 41 (22, 73) | 43 (24, 76) | 46 (25, 88) | 44 (24, 87) | 46 (25, 89) | <0.001 |
| Hospital information | |||||||
| Bed | <0.001 | ||||||
| <100 | 8,072 (6) | 6,966 (9) | 567 (2) | 192 (2) | 0 (0) | 347 (4) | |
| ≥500 | 52,508 (39) | 14,795 (20) | 15,607 (52) | 7,584 (64) | 8,384 (79) | 6,138 (70) | |
| 100–249 | 29,199 (21) | 22,945 (31) | 4,185 (14) | 993 (8) | 652 (6) | 424 (5) | |
| 250–499 | 32,177 (24) | 22,209 (30) | 6,388 (21) | 1,507 (13) | 631 (6) | 1,442 (16) | |
| Unknown | 14,280 (10) | 7,957 (11) | 3,263 (11) | 1,619 (14) | 962 (9) | 479 (5) | |
| Teaching status | 37,355 (27) | 12,040 (16) | 10,622 (35) | 4,296 (36) | 6,231 (59) | 4,166 (47) | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as number (percentage) or median (interquartile range). APACHE IV, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ARF, acute renal failure; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; CHF, Congestive heart failure; CVA, Cerebrovascular accident; CV, Cerebrovascular; DKA, Diabetic Ketoacidosis; GI, Gastrointestinal; PNA, pneumonia; CKD, Chronic kidney disease; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; GICU, Medical-Surgical ICU; MICU, Medical ICU; Neuro ICU, Neurology ICU; SICU, Surgical ICU; LOS, length of stay.